Music interventions are used for stress reduction in a variety of settings because of the positive effects of music listening on both physiological arousal (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure, and hormonal levels) and psychological stress experiences (e.g., restlessness, anxiety, and nervousness). To summarize the growing body of empirical research, two multilevel meta-analyses of 104 RCTs, containing 327 effect sizes and 9,617 participants, were performed to assess the strength of the effects of music interventions on both physiological and psychological stress-related outcomes, and to test the potential moderators of the intervention effects. Results showed that music interventions had an overall significant effect on stress reduction in both physiological (d = .380) and psychological (d = .545) outcomes. Further, moderator analyses showed that the type of outcome assessment moderated the effects of music interventions on stress-related outcomes. Larger effects were found on heart rate (d = .456), compared to blood pressure (d = .343) and hormone levels (d = .349). Implications for stress-reducing music interventions are discussed.
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Background: Emergency department utilization has increased tremendously over the past years, which is accompanied by an increased necessity for emergency medicine research to support clinical practice. Important sources of evidence are systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs), but these can only be informative provided their quality is sufficiently high, which can only be assessed if reporting is adequate. The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of reporting of SRs and MAs in emergency medicine using the PRISMA statement. Methods: The top five emergency medicine related journals were selected using the 5-year impact factor of the ISI Web of Knowledge of 2015. All SRs and MAs published in these journals between 2015 and 2016 were extracted and assessed independently by two reviewers on compliance with each item of the PRISMA statement. Results: The included reviews (n = 112) reported a mean of 18 ± 4 items of the PRISMA statement adequately. Reviews mentioning PRISMA adherence did not show better reporting than review without mention of adherence (mean 18.6 (SE 0.4) vs. mean 17.8 (SE 0.5); p = 0.214). Reviews published in journals recommending or requiring adherence to a reporting guideline showed better quality of reporting than journals without such instructions (mean 19.2 (SE 0.4) vs. mean 17.2 (SE 0.5); p = 0.001). Conclusion: There is room for improvement of the quality of reporting of SRs and MAs within the emergency medicine literature. Therefore, authors should use a reporting guideline such as the PRISMA statement. Active journal implementation, by requiring PRISMA endorsement, enhances quality of reporting.
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Introduction: Oral health care of older people in long-term care facilities is insufficient, stressing the need for clear evidence-based implementation strategies to improve oral care. In 2013, a systematic review was performed and new evidence was published. This study aimed to gain insights into implementation strategies used to promote or improve oral health care for older people in long-term care facilities, explore their effectiveness and uncover strategy content in behavioral change techniques, and report the differences between the current results and those of the 2013 study. Methods: A systematic review of the literature according to PRISMA guidelines and meta-analyses of implementation strategies were performed. Cochrane Library, PubMed, and CINAHL databases were searched for papers published between 2011 and 2023. Strategies were identified using the Coding Manual for Behavioral Change Techniques. Meta-analyses of oral health outcomes (“plaque” and “denture plaque”) were performed with random-effects models using R language for statistical computing. Results: 16 studies were included in the current results; 20 studies were included in the 2013 findings. More high-quality studies (67 %) were included in this review than in 2013 (47 %). Dental care professionals were involved in 14 of the 16 studies. Fourteen of the 16 studies used and/ or combined five or more different implementation strategies: knowledge, intention, awareness, self-efficacy, attitude, and facilitation of behavior. Implementation positively affected the knowledge and attitudes of the nursing staff; however, the oral health of older people did not necessarily improve. In the 2013 review, more studies indicated combined oral health measurements were effective (71 %) than in the current review (20 %–33 %). Meta-analysis of four studies on dental plaque (0—3 scale) showed a significant, statistically small mean difference of -.21 (CI -.36; -.07, Cohen's d -.29) between the control and treatment group. Meta-analysis of three studies on denture plaque (0—4 scale), showed a significant, statistically large mean difference of -.76 (CI -1.48; -.05, Cohen's d -.88). Conclusions: In this review, more implementation strategies and combinations were used to implement oral care in long-term care. Implementation strategies positively affected the knowledge and attitudes of nursing staff; however, the oral health of older people did not necessarily improve. Meta-analyses on plaque showed that oral care implementations are effective; for denture plaque, the effect size was large and thus may have more clinical value than for dental plaque.
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Ruim 10% van de Nederlandse bevolking heeft chronische nierschade. Jaarlijks komen er zo’n 2.000 patiënten met nierfalen bij. Bij terminaal nierfalen is uiteindelijk nierfunctie vervangende therapie noodzakelijk (1, 2). Nierfalen en nierfunctievervangende therapie hebben grote invloed op de voedingstoestand van de patiënt wat leidt tot ondervoeding wat zich uit in verlies van spiermassa, spierkracht, verminderde zelfredzaamheid, verminderd fysiek functioneren, hogere mortaliteit, meer ziekenhuis opnames en een lagere kwaliteit van leven (3). Gezien deze associatie kan een interventie die het verlies van spiermassa kan voorkomen, grote impact hebben voor nierpatiënten. Echter is er nog geen informatie over de voedselinname van de Nederlandse hemodialysepatiënt. Dit belemmert de diëtetiek in het optimaal behandelen van hemodialysepatiënten. In samenwerking met het kennisnetwerk Diëtisten Nierziekten Nederland (DNN) en MKB hebben wij de volgende vragen gedefinieerd: 1) Wat is de huidige dagelijkse inname van macro- en micronutriënten van hemodialysepatiënten en 2) Bestaan er effectieve interventies op het gebeid van voeding en beweging om spiermassa verlies te voorkomen en/of te behandelen? Samenvattend bestaat dit voorstel uit de volgende activiteiten: Werkpakket 1: Landelijk multicenter studie naar de huidige inname van macro- en micronutriënten van hemodialysepatiënten, Werkpakket 2: Formeren van (inter)nationaal netwerk van professionals en wetenschappers die zich focussen op de rol van voeding en beweging bij nierziekten aangevuld met patiënten perspectief vanuit de patiëntenverenigingen, Werkpakket 3: Systematic review naar effectieve voedings- en beweeginterventies bij patiënten met nierfalen en Werkpakket 4: Het schrijven van een projectvoorstel dat de behoefte, rol en implementatie van eiwitrijke voeding en beweging onderzoekt op het behoud en/of verbeteren van spiermassa, fysiek functioneren en kwaliteit van leven van mensen met een nierziekte.
