BackgroundICU patients lose muscle mass rapidly and maintenance of muscle mass may contribute to improved survival rates and quality of life. Protein provision may be beneficial for preservation of muscle mass and other clinical outcomes, including survival. Current protein recommendations are expert-based and range from 1.2 to 2.0 g/kg. Thus, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on protein provision and all clinically relevant outcomes recorded in the available literature.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses, including studies of all designs except case control and case studies, with patients aged ≥18 years with an ICU stay of ≥2 days and a mean protein provision group of ≥1.2 g/kg as compared to <1.2 g/kg with a difference of ≥0.2 g/kg between protein provision groups. All clinically relevant outcomes were studied. Meta-analyses were performed for all clinically relevant outcomes that were recorded in ≥3 included studies.ResultsA total of 29 studies published between 2012 and 2022 were included. Outcomes reported in the included studies were ICU, hospital, 28-day, 30-day, 42-day, 60-day, 90-day and 6-month mortality, ICU and hospital length of stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, vomiting, diarrhea, gastric residual volume, pneumonia, overall infections, nitrogen balance, changes in muscle mass, destination at hospital discharge, physical performance and psychological status. Meta-analyses showed differences between groups in favour of high protein provision for 60-day mortality, nitrogen balance and changes in muscle mass.ConclusionHigh protein provision of more than 1.2 g/kg in critically ill patients seemed to improve nitrogen balance and changes in muscle mass on the short-term and likely 60-day mortality. Data on long-term effects on quality of life are urgently needed.
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Music interventions are used for stress reduction in a variety of settings because of the positive effects of music listening on both physiological arousal (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure, and hormonal levels) and psychological stress experiences (e.g., restlessness, anxiety, and nervousness). To summarize the growing body of empirical research, two multilevel meta-analyses of 104 RCTs, containing 327 effect sizes and 9,617 participants, were performed to assess the strength of the effects of music interventions on both physiological and psychological stress-related outcomes, and to test the potential moderators of the intervention effects. Results showed that music interventions had an overall significant effect on stress reduction in both physiological (d = .380) and psychological (d = .545) outcomes. Further, moderator analyses showed that the type of outcome assessment moderated the effects of music interventions on stress-related outcomes. Larger effects were found on heart rate (d = .456), compared to blood pressure (d = .343) and hormone levels (d = .349). Implications for stress-reducing music interventions are discussed.
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Purpose: Literature detailing the effectiveness of school-based physical activity promotion in- terventions in prevocational adolescents was reviewed to identify effective intervention characteristics.Methods: The search strategy assessed studies against inclusion criteria study design, study population, school setting, language, and construct. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed, and extractions were made of the physical activity (PA) level outcome measures and intervention characteristics regarding organizational, social, and content features. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the overall effect of the interventions on the PA level. Identification of effective intervention characteristics was done by subgroup analyses. Meta-regression analysis was performed with PA level as dependent variable and intervention characteristics as covariates. Results: A total of 40 eligible studies was included for meta-analyses. Among the included studies, the overall intervention effect on increasing the PA level of prevocational adolescents was weak (standardized mean difference [SMD] .19, 95% confidence interval [CI] .12e.27). Intervention characteristics that improve the effect size to a moderate level were intracurricular PA (SMD .43, 95% CI .19e.68), involving school staff in an intracurricular intervention (SMD .37, 95% CI .16e.58) and a tailored intracurricular intervention (SMD .35, 95% CI .13e.58). Meta-regression analysis confirmed PA as a positive predictor.Conclusions: The effect of a school-based PA intervention was small to moderate. A sensible choice in the assembly of a multicomponent school-based PA intervention increases the effectiveness considerably. Physical education teachers, school administrators, and policy makers should consider organizational (intracurriculum, short and medium duration), personal (tailoring, participation), social (school staff) and content (PA) determinants.
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Ruim 10% van de Nederlandse bevolking heeft chronische nierschade. Jaarlijks komen er zo’n 2.000 patiënten met nierfalen bij. Bij terminaal nierfalen is uiteindelijk nierfunctie vervangende therapie noodzakelijk (1, 2). Nierfalen en nierfunctievervangende therapie hebben grote invloed op de voedingstoestand van de patiënt wat leidt tot ondervoeding wat zich uit in verlies van spiermassa, spierkracht, verminderde zelfredzaamheid, verminderd fysiek functioneren, hogere mortaliteit, meer ziekenhuis opnames en een lagere kwaliteit van leven (3). Gezien deze associatie kan een interventie die het verlies van spiermassa kan voorkomen, grote impact hebben voor nierpatiënten. Echter is er nog geen informatie over de voedselinname van de Nederlandse hemodialysepatiënt. Dit belemmert de diëtetiek in het optimaal behandelen van hemodialysepatiënten. In samenwerking met het kennisnetwerk Diëtisten Nierziekten Nederland (DNN) en MKB hebben wij de volgende vragen gedefinieerd: 1) Wat is de huidige dagelijkse inname van macro- en micronutriënten van hemodialysepatiënten en 2) Bestaan er effectieve interventies op het gebeid van voeding en beweging om spiermassa verlies te voorkomen en/of te behandelen? Samenvattend bestaat dit voorstel uit de volgende activiteiten: Werkpakket 1: Landelijk multicenter studie naar de huidige inname van macro- en micronutriënten van hemodialysepatiënten, Werkpakket 2: Formeren van (inter)nationaal netwerk van professionals en wetenschappers die zich focussen op de rol van voeding en beweging bij nierziekten aangevuld met patiënten perspectief vanuit de patiëntenverenigingen, Werkpakket 3: Systematic review naar effectieve voedings- en beweeginterventies bij patiënten met nierfalen en Werkpakket 4: Het schrijven van een projectvoorstel dat de behoefte, rol en implementatie van eiwitrijke voeding en beweging onderzoekt op het behoud en/of verbeteren van spiermassa, fysiek functioneren en kwaliteit van leven van mensen met een nierziekte.
