Loneliness among young adults is a growing concern worldwide, posing serious health risks. While the human ecological framework explains how various factors such as socio-demographic, social, and built environment characteristics can affect this feeling, still, relatively little is known about the effect of built environment characteristics on the feelings of loneliness that young people experience in their daily life activities. This research investigates the relationship between built environment characteristics and emotional state loneliness in young adults (aged 18–25) during their daily activities. Leveraging the Experience Sampling Method, we collected data from 43 participants for 393 personal experiences during daily activities across different environmental settings. The findings of a mixed-effects regression model reveal that built environment features significantly impact emotional state loneliness. Notably, activity location accessibility, social company during activities, and walking activities all contribute to reducing loneliness. These findings can inform urban planners and municipalities to implement interventions that support youngsters’ activities and positive experiences to enhance well-being and alleviate feelings of loneliness in young adults. Specific recommendations regarding the built environment are (1) to create spaces that are accessible, (2) create spaces that are especially accessible by foot, and (3) provide housing with shared facilities for young adults rather than apartments/studios.
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Over eenzaamheid in verpleeghuizen is relatief weinig bekend. Het doel van deze studie is inzicht krijgen in de prevalentie van sociale, emotionele en existentiële eenzaamheid onder verpleeghuisbewoners en de samenhang tussen eenzaamheid en deelname aan activiteiten en het hebben van contacten. Data is verzameld onder verpleeghuisbewoners van zorgcentra en groepswoningen in de provincie Zeeland (N = 101; leeftijdsrange = 42 tot 103 jaar; mediaan = 83 jaar; 71% = vrouw). Sociale, emotionele en existentiële eenzaamheid zijn bevraagd, alsmede persoonsgegevens en deelname aan activiteiten en het hebben van contacten. Prevalentiecijfers van eenzaamheid zijn berekend. Regressieanalyses zijn uitgevoerd om de relatie tussen eenzaamheid en persoonsgegevens, deelname aan activiteiten en het hebben van contacten te onderzoeken. De meerderheid van de respondenten voelt zich emotioneel, sociaal en/of existentieel eenzaam. Een langere verblijfsduur in het verpleeghuis en deelname aan beweegactiviteiten hangen samen met een mindere mate van sociale eenzaamheid, maar niet met emotionele of existentiële eenzaamheid. Het aanbod aan activiteiten in het verpleeghuis is gericht op sociale eenzaamheid. Voor emotionele en existentiële eenzaamheid lijkt geen aanbod te bestaan, terwijl deze vormen van eenzaamheid vaak voorkomen in het verpleeghuis.
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Background: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) demonstrate reduced levels of daily physical activity (DPA) compared to healthy controls. This results in a higher risk of hospital admission and shorter survival. Performing regular DPA reduces these risks. Objective: To develop an eHealth intervention that will support patients with COPD to improve or maintain their DPA after pulmonary rehabilitation. Methods: The design process consisted of literature research and the iterative developing and piloting phases of the Medical Research Council (MRC) model for complex clinical interventions and the involvement of end users. Participants were healthy adults and persons with COPD. Results: The mobile phone interface met all the set requirements. Participants found that the app was stimulating and that reaching their DPA goals was rewarding. The mean (SD) scores on a 7-point scale for usability, ease of use, ease of learning, and contentment were 3.8 (1.8), 5.1 (1.1), 6.0 (1.6), and 4.8 (1.3), respectively. The mean (SD) correlation between the mobile phone and a validated accelerometer was 0.88 (0.12) in the final test. The idea of providing their health care professional with their DPA data caused no privacy issues in the participants. Battery life lasted for an entire day with the final version, and readability and comprehensibility of text and colors were favorable. Conclusions: By employing a user-centered design approach, a mobile phone was found to be an adequate and feasible interface for an eHealth intervention. The mobile phone and app are easy to learn and use by patients with COPD. In the final test, the accuracy of the DPA measurement was good. The final version of the eHealth intervention is presently being tested by our group for efficacy in a randomized controlled trial in COPD patients.
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