Vehicle2Grid is a new charging strategy that allows for charging and discharging of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV) and Full Electric Vehicles (FEV). The discharged energy can be supplied back to the (local) energy grid, enabling for grid alleviation, but can also be supplied back to the household in the case of a Vehicle2Home connection. Vehicle2Grid is an innovative and complex systems that requires adequate input from users if the local energy grid is to fully benefit from the discharged energy. Users have to be willing for the State of Charge of their EV to be adjusted in order for the Vehicle2Grid system to actually discharge energy from the EV. However, limiting the potential range of an EV can act as a barrier for the use of a Vehicle2Grid system, as discharging might cause uncertainty and possible range anxiety. Charging and discharging an EV through the use of Vehicle2Grid is therefore expected to change user’s routines and interactions with the charging system. Yet few Vehicle2Grid studies have focused on the requirements of a Vehicle2Grid system from the perspective of the user. This paper discussed several incentives and design guidelines that focus on the interaction users have with a Vehicle2Grid system in order to optimize user engagement with the system and integrate user preferences into the complex charging strategy. Results were obtained through a brief literature study, from a focus group as well as from two Vehicle2Grid field pilots. At the end of the paper, recommendations for further research are given.
Key takeaways from the project underscore the importance of fostering long-term collaborations between technical experts, communities, and institutional partners. By integrating technical innovation with human-centred design, the SUSTENANCE project has not only advanced renewable energy adoption but also established a framework for empowering communities to actively participate in sustainable energy transitions. Moving forward, the lessons learned, and solutions developed provide a solid foundation for addressing future challenges in energy system decarbonization and resilience.
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Food and the city has never been a more urgent theme than today, and The European Union’s priority to commit to innovation in this field will certainly enhance its economic and external strength and improve its competitive position in the world of food and life sciences. Europea Netherlands held a seminar on this topic in May 2016, during the Dutch EU presidency.To be part of this international endeavour, the Netherlands need to strengthen the digital market, support innovation in the internal market, boost domestic policy reforms, and embed their knowledge and skills in a European society that challenges itself and continues to innovate. The Netherlands is a global player in the agro, food and horticultural sector and a major player in the export market of agricultural products. This sector is one of its main economic pillars. New knowledge is being developed as we speak, which is also an export product in high demand, providing sizeable employment. This is only possible because the sector is innovative and remains up-to-date. The peri-urban areas in the Netherlands (both urban and rural areas) are characterized by high population density. This necessitates thinking about manufacturing, food, logistics and water management(circular economy). Land-based education and life sciences in the Netherlands may appear to be specific, yet it is broad too: the primary sectors are included, as well as the manufacturing businesses and services associated with it. Participants learn to work in an innovative sector in a society in transition, bringing together multiple disciplines (cross-overs) and stakeholders. This education is practical and has a strong connection to the industry. During the Europea seminar five professorships, installed by the ministry of Economic Affairs, focused on transitions in the agro and food sector. The five professorships are posted at the Dutch Agricultural Universities of applied sciences, including teacher education for sustainable connected learning and development for professional education and business communities.
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