In dit rapport wordt verslag gedaan van een verkennend onderzoek naar de wijze waarop de invoering en borging van drie basismethodieken en drie evidence-based interventies in de Amsterdamse jeugdzorg zijn aangepakt. Het onderzoek is een project van het Lectoraat implementatie in de jeugdzorg, dat per 1 februari 2010 van start is gegaan. Het doel van het onderzoek was drieledig: 1) het in kaart brengen van de strategieën voor invoering en borging van interventies en basismethodieken; 2) het in kaart brengen van de ervaring met de gehanteerde strategieën; 3) het doen van aanbevelingen over de ondersteuningsstructuur in de jeugdzorginstellingen in de stadsregio Amsterdam. De besproken evidence-based interventies in dit onderzoek betreffen Signs of Safety, Positief Pedagogisch Programma (Triple P), Functional Family Parole Service (FFPS), Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care for pre-schoolers (MTFC-P), Parent Management Training Oregon (PMTO), Multi System Therapy (MTS), Multidimensional Family Therapy (MDFT), Incredible Years (Pittige jaren) en Orthopedagogische Gezinsbehandeling (IOG).
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Research showed that more than 30% of patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) do not benefit from evidence- based treatments: Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) or Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). These are patients with prolonged and multiple traumatization, with poor verbal memory, and patients with emotional over-modulation. Retelling traumatic experiences in detail is poorly tolerated by these patients and might be a reason for not starting or not completing the recommended treatments. Due to lack of evidence, no alternative treatments are recommended yet. Art therapy may offer an alternative and suitable treatment, because the nonverbal and experiential character of art therapy appears to be an appropriate approach to the often wordless and visual nature of traumatic memories. The objective of this pilot study was to test the acceptability, feasibility, and applicability of trauma-focused art therapy for adults with PTSD due to multiple and prolonged traumatization (patients with early childhood traumatization and refugees from different cultures). Another objective was to identify the preliminary effectiveness of art therapy. Results showed willingness to participate and adherence to treatment of patients. Therapists considered trauma-focused art therapy feasible and applicable and patients reported beneficial effects, such as more relaxation, externalization of memories and emotions into artwork, less intrusive thoughts of traumatic experiences and more confidence in the future. The preliminary findings on PTSD symptom severity showed a decrease of symptoms in some participants, and an increase of symptoms in other participants. Further research into the effectiveness of art therapy and PTSD is needed.
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Intergenerational continuity in family behaviors partly results from socialization processes in the parental home. However, socialization is a multidimensional process. This article tests hypotheses about the relative importance of value transmission and modeling in explaining expectations of adolescence concerning the timing of leaving home, and entry into cohabitation, marriage, and parenthood. Structural equation modeling on multiactor data from over 1,000 parent–adolescent child couples in the Netherlands is used to test hypotheses. Results suggest that, in general, both value transmission and modeling are important predictors of adolescents’ expectations concerning the timing of major family events. Moreover, no differences between mothers and fathers and between boys and girls are observed in the strength of the intergenerational relationships studied.
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