For centuries, natural gas has been one of humanity’s main energy sources. The gas sector is still heavily reliant on natural gas production; however, as natural gas fields contain only a finite quantity of gas, its continued extraction is leading to the resource’s depletion. Furthermore, natural gas production has become a subject of debate, with many considering continued utilisation incompatible with the achievement of international and European climate goals. The need for alternative gases that are less damaging to the environment is becoming increasingly evident. Biomethane has shown itself to be a reliable alternative to natural gas, and if sourced and manufactured responsibly results in no new CO2 emissions. Another alternative, hydrogen, can, through the process of methanisation, be converted into synthetic natural gas (SNG). This chapter discusses the legal aspects of the production and use of biomethane, hydrogen and SNG.
LINK
This article explores the applicability of smart grid concepts to the Dutch gas network by reflecting on the experience of the electricity sector.
DOCUMENT
The European Union is striving for a high penetration of renewable energy production in the future energy grid. Currently, the EU energy directive is aiming for 20% renewable energy production in the year 2020. In future plans the EU strives for approximately 80% renewable energy production by the year 2050. However, high penetration of wind and solar PV energy production, both centrally and de-centrally, can possibly destabilize the electricity grid. The gas grid and the flexibility of gas, which can be transformed in both electricity and heat at different levels of scale, can help integrate and balance intermittent renewable production. One possible method of assisting the electricity grid in achieving and maintaining balance is by pre-balancing local decentralized energy grids. Adopting flexible gas based decentralized energy production can help integrate intermittent renewable electricity production, short lived by-products (e.g. heat) and at the same time minimize transport of energy carriers and fuel sources. Hence, decentralized energy grids can possibly improve the overall efficiency and sustainability of the energy distribution system. The flexibility aforementioned, can potentially give gas a pivotal role in future decentralized energy grids as load balancer. However, there are a lot of potentially variables which effect a successful integration of renewable intermittent production and load balancing within decentralized energy systems. The flexibility of gas in general opens up multiple fuel sources e.g., natural gas, biogas, syngas etc. and multiple possibilities of energy transformation pathways e.g. combined heat and power, fuel cells, high efficiency boilers etc. Intermittent renewable production is already increasing exponentially on the decentralized level where load balancing is still lacking.
DOCUMENT
● Ambitieuze beleidsdoelen en diverse stimuleringsmaatregelen maken de vraag naar groen gas veel groter dan het aanbod is.● Zonder prijsdempende maatregelen en innovatie in de productie van groen gas zal de prijs van groen gas fors stijgen tot 2030.
DOCUMENT
Natural gas extraction from the Groningen gas fields in the Netherlands used to be a non-controversial activity, but became highly contested over the past few years. In addition to a political mandate to commercially operate the Groningen gas fields, NAM needs approval from local residents and society at large. In this study, we analyse how NAM attempted to maintain its social license
DOCUMENT
In het hoofdstuk wordt ingegaan op de innovaties in de Europese gassector, met een speciale focus op de invoeding van groen gas (ook wel biomethaan) in het aardgassysteem. Er wordt een algemeen juridisch kader geschetst en er vindt een rechtsvergelijking plaats van de nationale rechtsordes aangaande Duitsland, Denemarken en Nederland.
LINK
Adsorbed natural gas (ANG) storage using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is a promising alter- native for efficient natural gas storage at moderate pressures. However, the presence of higher alkanes in natural gas mixtures can significantly affect storage performance by reducing methane adsorption capacity. Basolite C300, a well-studied MOF, offers high volumetric methane storage, but its long-term efficiency in real-world conditions remains a challenge due to potential pore blockage from hydrocarbon accumulation. This study investigates the long-term impact of Cn≥2 alkanes on the adsorption capacity of Basolite C300. Volumetric storage capacities of methane, individual alkanes, and a natural gas mixture were measured at 20 °C. The material underwent 100 adsorption-desorption cycles to assess the progressive impact of Cn≥2 alkanes on methane storage. The experimental results revealed a 63% reduction in methane storage capacity after 100 cycles, highlighting the detrimental effect of alkane accumulation. Higher alkanes were preferentially adsorbed within Basolite C300 micropores, leading to progressive pore blockage and decreased methane uptake. These findings underscore the critical role of gas composition in ANG systems and emphasize the need for mitigation strategies, such as selective pre-adsorption or regeneration techniques, to maintain long-term storage efficiency in MOF-based gas storage applications.
DOCUMENT
In order to gain a more mature share in the future energy supply, green gas supply chains face some interesting challenges. In this thesis green gas supply chains, based on codigestion of cow manure and maize, are considered. The produced biogas is upgraded to natural gas quality and injected into the existing distribution gas grid and thus replacing natural gas. Literature research showed that relatively much attention has been paid up to now to elements of such supply chains. Research into digestion technology, agricultural aspects of (energy) crops and logistics of biomass are examples of this. This knowledge is indispensable, but how this knowledge should be combined to help understand how future green gas systems may look like, remains a white spot in the current knowledge. This thesis is an effort to fill this gap. A practical but sound way of modeling green gassupply chains was developed, taking costs and sustainability criteria into account. The way such supply chains can deal with season dependent gas demand was also investigated. This research was further expanded into a geographical model to simulate several degrees of natural gas replacement by green gas. Finally, ways to optimize green gas supply chains in terms of energy efficiency and greenhouse gas reduction were explored.
DOCUMENT
GasTerra is, als exclusieve verkoper van het gas uit de Groningse bodem, een cruciale ketenpartner in de energiesector in Nederland. Om deze strategische positie goed te kunnen vormgeven wil GasTerra de beeldvorming in de Nederlandse samenleving over gas en GasTerra analyseren. Men wil inzicht in of en hoe de rol van gas in de Nederlandse samenleving besproken wordt. GasTerra vraagt daartoe naar een verdiepende analyse van de vorming van de publieke opinie rondom de positie en het imago van gas en GasTerra in het bijzonder. Het lectoraat Communication & Sustainable Society van de Hanzehogeschool Groningen heeft opdracht gekregen onderzoek te verrichten. Een verdiepende discoursanalyse naar de kracht en werking van frames moet inzicht geven en richting geven aan de tone of voice die GasTerra hanteert in haar communicatiestrategie. Ook is er een Rapid Evidence Assessment uitgevoerd om inzicht te verkrijgen in de meest actuele wetenschappelijke stand van zaken rond het gasdebat en opvattingen daaromtrent.
DOCUMENT
Problems of energy security, diversification of energy sources, and improvement of technologies (including alternatives) for obtaining motor fuels have become a priority of science and practice today. Many scientists devote their scientific research to the problems of obtaining effective brands of alternative (reformulated) motor fuels. Our scientific school also deals with the problems of the rational use of traditional and alternative motor fuels.This article focused on advances in motor fuel synthesis using natural, associated, or biogas. Different raw materials are used for GTL technology: biomass, natural and associated petroleum gases. Modern approaches to feed gas purification, development of Gas-to-Liquid-technology based on Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, and liquid hydrocarbon mixture reforming are considered.Biological gas is produced in the process of decomposition of waste (manure, straw, grain, sawdust waste), sludge, and organic household waste by cellulosic anaerobic organisms with the participation of methane fermentation bacteria. When 1 tonne of organic matter decomposes, 250 to 500–600 cubic meters of biogas is produced. Experts of the Bioenergy Association of Ukraine estimate the volume of its production at 7.8 billion cubic meters per year. This is 25% of the total consumption of natural gas in Ukraine. This is a significant raw material potential for obtaining liquid hydrocarbons for components of motor fuels.We believe that the potential for gas-to-liquid synthetic motor fuels is associated with shale and coalfield gases (e.g. mine methane), methane hydrate, and biogas from biomass and household waste gases.
DOCUMENT
