Seaweeds from the genus Porphyra play a big economic role in seaweed aquaculture, mainly in Asia. In Europe, resources are put towards seaweed cultivation, but without attention to the Porphyra species which is also native to Europe. Different nomenclature and specifications are used to describe Porphyra, due to taxonomical reclassification and difficult phenotypical identification. Abiotic & biotic together with seasonal factors make for major variance in chemical compositions that are reported. This is also fueled by differences in chemical analytical methods and procedures followed. Combining taxonomical challenges, variance due to seasonal factors and differences in analysis, overviewing published research on Porphyra constituents such as protein, polysaccharides and fatty acids is warranted. Within this review, cellular consitutents found in Porphyra are discussed, including proteins, polysaccharides, fatty acids and mycosporine-like amino acids (MAA’s). MAA's are considered amongst the strongest UV-photoprotectants found in nature and feature possible applications in cosmetics. As global interest in seaweeds as food, feed and industrial resource is emerging, opportunities for Porphyra constituents is rising.
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Playfulness intertwined with city-related themes, such as participatory planning and civic media are becoming more popular. In the last ten years, game designers have taken up the theme of play in relation to the urban environment. In this paper, we present a conceptual mapping of “urban play,” through the analysis of eight examples of urban games. Better conceptual tools are necessary to discuss and reflect on how games draw on, or deal with, urban issues. While urban games are diverse in medium, intent, and experience, across the spectrum analyzed in this paper, they hold the potential for various player experiences emerging through play that may be useful to designers. These are: a sense of agency and impact; feelings of relatedness and empathy; an awareness and understanding of complexity, perspective-taking and scenario-building, and either planning or taking action. The conceptual mapping offers scholars and practitioners a more nuanced vocabulary for designing games and playful interventions that might be used to tackle societal issues that either require or could benefit from genuine public involvement as engaged citizens.
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Charging an electric vehicle needs to be as simple as possible for the user. He needs to park his car, plug his vehicle and identify to start charging. There is no need to understand the technology and protocols needed to reach this simple task.For the students and researchers of the Amsterdam University of Applied Science (AUAS / HvA), there is a need to understand as deep as possible all the techniques involved in this technology.The purpose of this document is to give to the reader the information he needs to understand how an electric car can be charged and how he can use these knowledges to analyses and interpret data.
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While the Municipality of Amsterdam wants to expand the electric vehicle public charging infrastructure to reach carbon-neutral objectives, the Distribution System Operator cannot allow new charging stations where low-voltage transformers are reaching their maximum capacity. To solve this situation, a smart charging project called Flexpower is being tested in some districts. Charging power is limited during peak times to avoid grid congestion and, therefore, enable the expansion of charging infrastructure while deferring grid investments. This work simulates the implementation of the Flexpower strategy with high penetration of electric vehicles, considering dynamic and local power limits, to assess the impact on both the satisfaction of electric vehicle users and the business model of the Charging Point Operator. A stochastic approach, based on Gaussian Mixture Models, has been used to model different profiles of electric vehicle users using data from the Amsterdam public electric vehicle charging infrastructure. Several key performance indicators have been defined to assess the impact of such charging limitations on the different stakeholders. The results show that, while Amsterdam’s existing public charging infrastructure can host just twice the current electric vehicle demand, the application of Flexpower will enable the growth in charging stations without requiring grid upgrades. Even with 7 times more charging sessions, Flexpower could provide a power peak reduction of 57% while supplying 98% of the total energy required by electric vehicle users.
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In het najaar van 2014 is de motie Ruim baan voor Oost Groningen aangenomen, waarna de ‘Commissie van Zijl’ voor Oost Groningen is ingesteld. Om het hoofd te bieden aan de buitengewoon complexe maatschappelijke opgaven in de regio Oost-Groningen, voerde de commissie een tweeledige opdracht uit: het realiseren van een bestuursakkoord (het Akkoord van Westerlee van februari 2015) en het verkennen van mogelijkheden tot vergroting van de werkgelegenheid in de regio. Voor dit tweede punt zijn vijf werkgroepen met vertegenwoordigers van onderwijsinstellingen, zorgorganisaties, ondernemers, FNV, gemeenten en provincie gevormd die projectvoorstellen hebben voorbereid. Een daarvan gaat over de verwaarding van de landbouwproductie door het opzetten van regionale ketens tussen producenten, verwerkers en afnemers. Door de primaire producten binnen de regio te verwaarden creëer je nieuwe werkgelegenheid. Bovendien ontstaat een breed palet aan regionale producten en specialisaties, wordt de agri-foodsector economisch krachtiger en minder milieubelastend – allemaal resultaten waar je de regio positief op de kaart kunt zetten. In december 2015 heeft de commissie haar bevindingen, aanbevelingen en een werkagenda voor de voorgestelde projecten vastgelegd in het eindrapport Kop d'r Veur. GS hebben laten weten dat ze de door de commissie ingezette beweging willen voortzetten. Daarom wordt en is gewerkt aan een voorstel om de projecten verder uit te voeren en een regisseur aan te stellen. Dit is het kader waarin het aanbod voor de voorbereiding van de regionale voedselketen tot stand is gekomen. Verantwoordelijk voor dit bid is de werkgroep landbouw, mede met inbreng vanuit het lectoraat Duurzaam Coöperatief Ondernemen van Hanzehogeschool en Terra MBO.
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The Bio-P2G-program (Bio-Power to Gas) at the Hanze University of AppliedSciences evaluates the technologic feasibility of the biological reduction of carbondioxide with hydrogen to methane (biomethanation: 1 CO2 + 4 H2 -> CH4 + 2 H2O)Chemically, this process is known as the Sabatier reaction, but within anaerobicdigestion the biological methanation is catalyzed by a specific group ofmicroorganisms: the hydrogenotrophic methanogens.
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The following paper presents a methodology we developed for addressing the case of a multi-modal network to be implemented in the future. The methodology is based on a simulation approach and presents some characteristics that make a challenge to be verified and validated. To overcome this limitation, we proposed a novel methodology that implies interaction with subjectmatter experts, revision of current data, collection and assessment of future performance and educated assumptions. With that methodology we could construct the complete passenger trajectory Door to door in Europe. The results indicate that the approach allows to approach infrastructure analysis at an early stage to have an initial estimation of the upper boundary of performance indicators. To exemplify this, we present the results for a case study in Europe.
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Implementation of reliable methodologies allowing Reduction, Refinement, and Replacement (3Rs) of animal testing is a process that takes several decades and is still not complete. Reliable methods are essential for regulatory hazard assessment of chemicals where differences in test protocol can influence the test outcomes and thus affect the confidence in the predictive value of the organisms used as an alternative for mammals. Although test guidelines are common for mammalian studies, they are scarce for non-vertebrate organisms that would allow for the 3Rs of animal testing. Here, we present a set of 30 reporting criteria as the basis for such a guideline for Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology (DART) testing in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Small organisms like C. elegans are upcoming in new approach methodologies for hazard assessment; thus, reliable and robust test protocols are urgently needed. A literature assessment of the fulfilment of the reporting criteria demonstrates that although studies describe methodological details, essential information such as compound purity and lot/batch number or type of container is often not reported. The formulated set of reporting criteria for C. elegans testing can be used by (i) researchers to describe essential experimental details (ii) data scientists that aggregate information to assess data quality and include data in aggregated databases (iii) regulators to assess study data for inclusion in regulatory hazard assessment of chemicals.
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