In this report, the details of an investigation into the e ect of the low induction wind turbines on the Levelised Cost of Electricity (LCoE) in a 1GW o shore wind farm is outlined. The 10 MW INNWIND.EU conventional wind turbine and its low induction variant, the 10 MW AVATAR wind turbine, are considered in a variety of 10x10 layout configurations. The Annual Energy Production (AEP) and cost of electrical infrastructure were determined using two in-house ECN software tools, namely FarmFlow and EEFarm II. Combining this information with a generalised cost model, the LCoE from these layouts were determined. The optimum LCoE for the AVATAR wind farm was determined to be 92.15 e/MWh while for the INNWIND.EU wind farm it was 93.85 e/MWh. Although the low induction wind farm o ered a marginally lower LCoE, it should not be considered as definitive due to simple nature of the cost model used. The results do indicate that the AVATAR wind farms require less space to achieve this similar cost performace, with a higher optimal wind farm power density (WFPD) of 3.7 MW/km2 compared to 3 MW/km2 for the INNWIND.EU based wind farm.
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Within the context of the Iliad project, the authors present technical challenges and the first results of having valid 3D scenes of (non-)existing offshore wind farms procedurally and automatically generated within either the Unreal or Unity game engine. The Iliad – Digital Twins of the Ocean project (EU Horizon 2020) aims to develop a ‘system of systems’ for creating cutting-edge digital twins of specific sea and ocean areas for diverse purposes related to their sustainable use and protection. One of the Iliad pilots addresses the topic of offshore floating wind farm construction or maintenance scenario testing and validation using the Unity 3D game engine. This work will speed up the development of these scenarios by procedurally and automatically creating the Unity 3D scene rather than manually (which is done at present). The main technical challenges concern the data-driven approach, in which a JSON configuration file drives the scene creation. The first results show a base wind farm running in Unreal 5.1. The final product will be able to handle environmental conditions, biological conditions, and specific human activities as input parameters.
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With the effects of climate change linked to the use of fossil fuels, as well as the prospect of their eventual depletion, becoming more noticeable, political establishment and society appear ready to switch towards using renewable energy. Solar power and wind power are considered to be the most significant source of global low-carbon energy supply. Wind energy continues to expand as it becomes cheaper and more technologically advanced. Yet, despite these expectations and developments, fossil fuels still comprise nine-tenths of the global commercial energy supply. In this article, the history, technology, and politics involved in the production and barriers to acceptance of wind energy will be explored. The central question is why, despite the problems associated with the use of fossil fuels, carbon dependency has not yet given way to the more ecologically benign forms of energy. Having briefly surveyed some literature on the role of political and corporate stakeholders, as well as theories relating to sociological and psychological factors responsible for the grassroots’ resistance (“not in my backyard” or NIMBYs) to renewable energy, the findings indicate that motivation for opposition to wind power varies. While the grassroots resistance is often fueled by the mistrust of the government, the governments’ reason for resisting renewable energy can be explained by their history of a close relationship with the industrial partners. This article develops an argument that understanding of various motivations for resistance at different stakeholder levels opens up space for better strategies for a successful energy transition. https://doi.org/10.30560/sdr.v1n1p11 LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/helenkopnina/
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To experience and appreciate the challenges involved in marine spatial planning (MSP), students enrolled in two MSP courses play stakeholder roles in a realistic serious game. The serious game is played with the participatory online MSP tool SeaSketch, and tackles the contemporary Dutch marine renewable energy challenge.
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Digital Twins of the Ocean (DTOs) are increasingly used in Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP), yet most remain limited to 2D representations and offer minimal stakeholder interactivity. These limitations reduce their effectiveness in capturing complex socio-ecological-technical dynamics and supporting exploratory what-if scenario planning in a 3D or 4D ocean space. This paper presents Immersive Ocean, a novel Virtual Twin platform developed within EU-ILIAD DTO initiative. Built with game engine and VR technologies, it supports procedural 3D world generation and interactive exploration in both desktop and immersive VR modes. Systematic performance validation demonstrated stable frame rates across both PC and VR platforms. Initial user evaluations (n=22) report high usability and engagement but also suggest areas for improvement in UI clarity and ecological model representation. These initial findings position Immersive Ocean as a promising Virtual Twin solution for an immersive, interactive, and data-integrated approach to MSP and ocean governance. Immersive Ocean is now being piloted with stakeholders in real-world MSP scenarios, including offshore wind farm planning.
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Bij het onderzoek naar mogelijke effecten van een windmolenpark in het IJsselmeer is ETFI uitgegaan van de vele onderzoeken die er inmiddels, in Nederland maar ook internationaal, bestaan. Op deze manier zijn conclusies en oordelen, zowel geïnspireerd door voorvechters van windenergie als van tegenstanders, zowel bij geplande als bij reeds aangelegde windmolenparken, geïnventariseerd. De conclusie van dit literatuuronderzoek luidt dat de studies onvoldoende bewijs leveren, zowel voor het ontstaan van schade aan de toeristische sector als voor het ontbreken van die schade. Dit onderzoek moet dan ook niet gelezen worden als een aanbeveling vóór of tegen windmolenparken. De waarde van het onderzoek is dat het de publiek toegankelijke studies uit binnen en buitenland met betrekking tot de relatie tussen windparken en toerisme bijeen brengt en systematisch analyseert. Zodoende brengt het de risico’s en mogelijkheden beter in beeld zodat in alle scenario’s —met of zonder windmolens— afwegingen gemaakt kunnen worden waarin alle belangen gerespecteerd worden.
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De huidige donkere wolken boven de Noordzee zijn onder andere de reden de huidige Noordzeeplannen nog eens goed tegen het financiële en uitvoeringstechnische licht te houden. “Idealiter samen met België en Duitsland, die immers een flink deel van de Nederlandse Noordzee energie zullen gaan afnemen en daarvoor hun fair share moeten gaan betalen. Doorgaan op de bestaande weg dreigt veel te traag te gaan en is ook veel te duur geworden. We eindigen dan wel met een power house, maar zonder industrie.”
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Podcastserie ENTRANCE ONDER DE LOEP (in het kort):Dr. ir. Gerard Schepers is afgestudeerd aan de TU Delft bij de afdeling Luchtvaart en Ruimtevaart Techniek. Daarna werkte hij als onderzoeker en coördinator aan meerdere grote (internationale) projecten bij de afdeling Windenergie van het Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (ECN). Hij is in november 2012 gepromoveerd aan de TU Delft op de ontwikkelingen die de daaraan voorafgaande 25 jaar hebben plaatsgevonden op het gebied van zogenaamde ‘engineering modellen’ voor windenergie-aerodynamica.Sinds november 2018 werkt Schepers als lector Windenergie bij ENTRANCE - Centre of Expertise Energy van de Hanze. Hij wil de kosten van windenergie verlagen, de sociale acceptatie van windenergie vergroten en toekomstige professionals opleiden. Hoe? Dat vertelt hij je in deze aflevering!
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Marine spatial planning (MSP) was developed as a place-based, integrated marine governance approach to address sectoral and fragmented management issues and has seen significant evolvement over the past two decades. MSP has rapidly become the most commonly endorsed management regime for sustainable development in the marine environment, with initiatives being implemented across multiple regions of the globe. Despite its broad and growing acceptance and use, there are several key challenges that remain, both conceptual and practical, that are negatively impacting the realization of MSP’s potential. These include institutional shortcomings, the exclusion of stakeholders, a failure to account for the human and social dimensions of marine regions, the marginalization of different types of knowledge, and the growing need to adapt to global environmental change. Although studies have examined the emergence of MSP in different geographical and institutional contexts, there is a lack of comparative analysis of how initiatives are progressing and if the foundational aims of MSP are being achieved. There is a need to analyze the degree to which MSP initiatives are responding to the environmental challenges that they have been set up to tackle and, as marine plans are setting out long-term visions for marine management, to understand if current initiatives are fit for purpose. This article responds to these concerns and reviews the evolution of MSP within 12 regional ocean areas. We utilize the term regional ocean areas to illustrate the geographical spread of MSP, with examinations conducted of the approach to MSP that specific nations within each of the 12 chosen clusters have followed. By critically assessing how MSP is progressing, it is possible to shed light on the opportunities and challenges that are facing current initiatives. This can help to reveal learning lessons that can inform future MSP systems and guide initiatives along more sustainable pathways.
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