Purpose: Facing the COVID-19 pandemic, police officers are confronted with various novel challenges, which might place additional strain on officers. This mixed-method study investigated officers' strain over a three-month-period after the lockdown. Methods: In an online survey, 2567 police officers (77% male) from Austria, Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands, and Spain participated at three measurement points per country in spring, 2020. Three-level growth curve models assessed changes in strain and its relation to stressor appraisal, emotion regulation, and preparedness through training. To add context to the findings, free response answers about officers' main tasks, stressors, and crisis measures were coded inductively. Results: On average, officers seemed to tolerate the pandemic with slight decreases in strain over time. Despite substantial variance between countries, 66% of the variance occurred between individuals. Sex, work experience, stressor appraisal, emotion regulation, and preparedness significantly predicted strain. Risk of infection and deficient communication emerged as main stressors. Officers' reports allowed to derive implications for governmental, organizational, and individual coping strategies during pandemics. Conclusion: Preparing for a pandemic requires three primary paths: 1) enacting unambiguous laws and increasing public compliance through media communication, 2) being logistically prepared, and 3) improving stress regulation skills in police training.
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This chapter revisits the concept of internationalisation at home in light of the COVID pandemic and also of experiences and ongoing discourses on internationalisation. These include how internationalisation at home relates to diversity, inclusion and decolonisation of curricula. It discusses how the COVID pandemic has led to increased attention to internationalisation at home but also that confusion about terminology and the desire for physical mobility to be available to students may lead us to return to pre-COVID practices, in which internationalisation is mainly understood as mobility for a small minority of students and internationalisation of the home curriculum is a poor second best. A component of this chapter is how Virtual Exchange and Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) have moved into the spotlight during the pandemic but were already in focus areas well before. This will be illustrated by some recent developments in internationalisation at home, mainly from non-Anglophone, European and particularly Dutch perspectives.
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Sinds het begin van de coronacrisis werken veel Nederlanders aan de keukentafel. Hierdoor zijn de grenzen tussen werk en privé vervaagd. Dit is niet bevorderlijk voor de gezondheid van de thuiswerker, maar natuur kan hier verlichting bieden. Is dit een kans voor hernieuwd contact met de natuur? Wellicht zelfs een kans voor noodzakelijke herwaardering? In dit artikel vertellen drie onderzoekers over hun onderzoek naar thuiswerken.
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This paper is a result of the project News, networks, and users in the hybrid media system. Transformation of media industries and the news in the post-industrial era (RTI2018-095775-B-C43). We present our insights on the latest movements of the Spanish media industry and their influence in the conception of news production during 2020. Specifically, we focus on the implementation of news business models, namely paywalls and membership models, and the movements regarding intellectual property to protect the industry – and their impact on journalists as well. The irruption of the COVID-19 pandemics has accelerated some tendencies in this respect.
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AbstractHistorically, epidemics and plagues are repeatedly reported to have happened since the ancient civilizations (Egypt, Greece, Rome and imperial China). Most known examples of a devastating global pandemics in recent history are the ‘Black Death’ (14th century) and the global influenza (1918-1919), also known as ‘Spanish Flu’, that has killed nearly 50 million people in the world. Even thoughpandemics may vary in their dimensions, length (short vs. long), scope (local/regional, national, global) and severity of effects (minimal effects or maximal effects), they all represent distinct exogenous and endogenous shocks that have far reaching effects on population, health, economy and other societal domains.Currently, the Covid-19 pandemic has relentlessly spreaded around the world, leaving behind destructive marks on health, populations, economies and societies. The Covid-19 could spread quickly around the globe because of the current structure of the global economy, which is highly interconnected through sophisticated global transport networks. An important characteristic of a suchnetworked complex system is it vulnerability to unattended events of systemic risk such as the Covid-19 pandemic for example. These systemic risks cause substantial cascading effects, which lead to extreme outcomes that could permanently alter economic, environmental, and social systems.In this article, we first, present, discuss and analyze the potential impacts of the Covid-19 on global economy, trade and supply chains, by focusing on Europe and/or the Netherlands. Second, we examine the effects of the Covid-19 crisis on the shipping industry and on the hub ports and the policy measures that have been applied by different countries around the world.
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Door de coronacrisis moest van de één op de andere dag onderwijs op afstand worden gegeven en thuis worden gewerkt. Het lectoraat Talentontwikkeling in Hoger Onderwijs & Samenleving (TOHOS) heeft in opdracht van het CvB onderzocht hoe docenten en andere medewerkers binnen de Hanzehogeschool Groningen (HG) deze periode hebben ervaren, wat we daarvan kunnen leren en hoe docenten kijken naar de toekomst.Uit het onderzoek komt naar voren dat de overgang van fysiek naar online onderwijs voor veel docenten niet zonder slag of stoot ging. Online onderwijs vraagt om andere didactische vaardigheden en een andere lesvoorbereiding van docenten dan fysiek onderwijs. Docenten hadden online moeite om studenten betrokken te houden en interactie te stimuleren. Ook na bijna twee jaar online onderwijs gaven docenten aan dat ze zichzelf minder vaardig achten in het geven van online onderwijs dan fysiek onderwijs. De HG wil in de komende jaren gaan inzetten op flexibel onderwijs. Online onderwijs kan hierin een belangrijke rol spelen, omdat hiermee kan worden aangesloten op de behoeftes van deindividuele student. Het is daarom van belang om docenten de komende periode de mogelijkheid te geven om zich te verdiepen in blended werkvormen, hierover kennis en ervaringen uit te wisselen met collega’s en de benodigde didactische vaardigheden te ontwikkelen. Uit dit onderzoek blijkt dat docenten welwillend staan tegenover de inzet van online onderwijsvormen, maar alleen als deze een positieve bijdrage leveren aan de kwaliteit van het onderwijs en/of grote praktische voordelen met zich meebrengen voor de docent en student. Ze vinden het van belang dat de inzet van online onderwijs door de HG goed onderbouwd en doordacht wordt en dat duidelijk wordt gecommuniceerd wat hierin van hen verwacht wordt. Ook geven zij aan dat blended onderwijs pas kans van slagen heeft indien randvoorwaarden als roostering, apparatuur en werkruimte goed op orde zijn.Deze zijn nu nog onvoldoende ingericht op het geven van blended onderwijs.Docenten ervaarden tijdens de coronacrisis een hoge werkdruk. Het kostte hen veel tijd en energie om zich de nieuwe online onderwijsvormen eigen te maken en tegelijkertijd de kwaliteit van het onderwijs hoog te houden. Ook vonden ze het lastig om de grens te bewaken tussen werk en privé, hoewel ze vrijheid die door thuiswerken ontstaat om hun eigen tijd in te delen waardeerden en graag willenbehouden. Het gebrek aan contact met collega’s en studenten had daarnaast een grote weerslag op het welzijn en de bevlogenheid van docenten. Ook nu er weer deels op kantoor wordt gewerkt komt de gemeenschapsvorming met collega’s maar moeizaam op gang.
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People during this Covid-19 year were forced to spend more time at home due to the lockdown and extreme weather conditions. Before the crisis, people already spent approximately 90 percent of their time indoors and relied on nearby public outdoor spaces for social and physical activities to maintain their health and well-being. During the pandemic, unhealthy, overcrowded, uncomfortable outdoor public spaces and a lack of greenery likely encouraged people to stay indoors even more. In city centres, greenery is often scarce: municipalities struggle to find nature-based solutions that meet the multiple functions of these areas.Fortunately, pandemics appear to spur cities to create healthier, greener environments. The nineteenth-century cholera pandemics, for example, led many western cities to establish large public parks to act as green lungs. These include Central Park and Prospect Park in New York, designed by the influential landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted. The Covid-19 crisis creates the momentum to bring nature back into our cities and to repair vital ecosystem functions and derived Urban Ecosystem Services (UESs).In this action-research study we adopted the Panarchy model and its principle that initiatives on a fine-grained scale can eventually have a positive impact on the entire ecosystem. Green interventions at street-level hold the promise that they may activate communities to initiate change for more social-ecological resilience. This paper describes two experimental projects: The Climate Cube, installed at a shopping centre in the Nieuw-West district in Amsterdam, and the Rewilding Stepping Stones in the centre of New Town Almere. The Climate Cube consists of a pergola, large, interconnected planter boxes, and benches on each side and acts as a cool social spot. The aim is to explore how it might improve visitors’ (thermal) comfort and to build community support before larger redevelopment projects are launched. The Rewilding Stepping Stones are made of biobased and recycled materials and planted with native species to encourage nature to return to the city centre.
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This book employs epistemological, methodological and discursive approaches to explore the practices of tourism stakeholders in Covid-19 affected destinations and to understand and explain their everyday real-time doings and sayings. It discusses the changing practices of tourists and stakeholders at both micro and meso levels and provides a range of contexts and destination case studies offering insights into supply and demand. The issues examined in the volume will have continued implications for further study of the relationships between tourism, crises, pandemics and global travel. It will be a useful resource for researchers and students in tourism studies, geography, politics and policy, as well as sociology, history, crisis management and development studies.
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The Covid-19 pandemic triggered governments and designers to revalue and redesign public spaces. This paper focuses on the various design responses to Covid-19 proposed and implemented in public spaces. In particular, we identify the kinds of challenges that such design responses address and the strategies that they use. We selected 56 design examples, largely collected from internet sources. By analyzing the design examples we identified five Covid-related challenges that were addressed in public space: sustaining amenities, keeping a distance, feeling connected, staying mentally healthy, and expanding health infrastructures. For each challenge, we articulated 2 to 6 design strategies. The challenges highlight the potential of public space to contribute to more resilient cities during times of pandemic, also in the future. The design strategies show the possible ways in which this potential can be fulfilled. In our next steps, we will use our findings to develop a program of possibilities; this program will contain a wide range of design strategies for responding to future pandemics and will be made publically accessible in an online database. The program contributes to more resilient post-Covid cities, by offering a variety of possibilities for coping with, and adapting to, pandemic-related shocks and stressors.
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