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Clusters and how to make it work

Clusters are the magic answer to regional economic development. Firms in clusters are more innovative; cluster policy dominates EU policy; ‘top-sectors’ and excellence are the choice of national policy makers; clusters are ‘in’. But, clusters are complex, clusters are ‘messy’; there is no clear logic and no one agrees to how it can be successful.

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Clusters and how to make it work

Clusters are the magic answer to regional economic development. Firms in clusters are more innovative; cluster policy dominates EU policy; ‘top-sectors’ and excellence are the choice of national policy makers; clusters are ‘in’. But, clusters are complex, clusters are ‘messy’; there is no clear logic and no one agrees to how it can be successful.

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Dynamics of cluster development

Clusters development takes place in an increasingly changing and complex context where global and local developments are interconnected. Various regional and innovation studies recognize the need for place-based studies to include the larger context in which clusters and regions are found. Interest and discourse on the value of complexity approaches to cluster studies is increasing, with the aim to gain deeper understanding of processes taking place in complex cluster development. This discourse was initiated by Martin & Sunley (2003) and explored extensively by Cooke (2012) in his study of ‘complex adaptive innovation systems’. Work in this area of research is limited and empirical study could add to understanding the complexity of cluster development.

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Dynamics of cluster development

Clusters development takes place in an increasingly changing and complex context where global and local developments are interconnected. Various regional and innovation studies recognized the need for place-based studies to include the larger context in which clusters and regions are found. Interest and discourse on the value of complexity approaches to cluster studies has been increasing, with the aim to gain deeper understanding of processes taking place in complex cluster development (Martin & Sunley, 2003; Cooke, 2012) Work in this area of research is limited and empirical study could add to understanding the complexity of cluster development.

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Phonotactic and morphonotactic influences on the (a)synchronicity of consonant clusters in Polish

A pilot speech production experiment combined articulatory data obtained using Electromagnetic Articulography (EMA), along with acoustic measures, to investigate the effects of cluster size (CC vs. CCC) and morpheme boundaries on consonant cluster synchronicity for five speakers of Polish. We found that being placed in a larger cluster leads to less synchronous productions of two-consonant sequences. We also found, surprisingly, greater synchronicity for clusters spanning a morpheme boundary than for the same cluster within a morpheme. Our findings may be interpreted from a listener-oriented perspective in which speech production is sensitive to perceptual considerations.

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Phonotactic and morphonotactic influences on the (a)synchronicity of consonant clusters in Polish

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Using social media to support cluster development

Developing European transnational clusters is a cornerstone in current EU-policies towards a sustainable competitive and open European economy. Within this conceptual paper relates these objectives to new developments in the application of network IT or, in popular terms, the rise of social media. The growing importance of clusters is related to new theoretical insights. Based on this, the paper comes with suggestions for policy makers in governments, businesses and knowledge institutions such as universities.Opening Up is designed to look for a better service to citizens and businesses through the use of social media and open data. The opening-up project started in October 2011 and lasts three years.

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Using social media to support cluster development

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Future of cluster developments

The research explored how a Dutch energy cluster embedded within a larger context of European and global developments reflected complex dynamics due to changes in its context. The case study explored Energy Valley of the Netherlands, a peripheral region that meets the challenge of energy transition, regional development and national economic interests. The research engaged complex adaptive systems approach to gain insights into complex cluster dynamics to contribute to cluster study and policy.The research captured insights into increased complexity of an energy cluster due to energy transition and other developments in the cluster context, exacerbated by differences in perceptions and responses of stakeholders to the new challenges. Findings on cluster developments included insights into cluster context, cluster condition, cluster dynamics and cluster transformations, and the interconnectedness of such developments based on Energy Valley and supplementary cases of Karlstad and Silicon Valley. The research findings led to insights into cluster systems developments and a model capturing cluster emergence.The research contributed to cluster theory by developing a CAS approach for cluster study that developed a whole systems approach to understand cluster dynamics, offering to the field of cluster study a qualitative understanding of cluster systems developments. Insights into interconnected developments at the micro, macro and inter-systemic levels, and into energy clusters in the context of energy transition were results of the research. The broad scope and nature of the study meant limitations were inherent and therefore recommendations for future research were included. EU Cluster Policy motivated the research and hence recommendations for policy developments were also part of the research contribution

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Getting policy done in educational practice: What happens when multiple central government policies meet clusters of organization routines in schools

his paper develops a new, broader, and more realistic lens to study (lacking) linkages between government policy and school practices. Drawing on recent work in organization theory, we advance notions on cluster of organization routines and the logic of complementarities underlying organizational change. This lens allows looking at how schools do (not) change a cluster of organization routines in response to multiple, simultaneous demands posed by government policies. Thirteen purposively selected Dutch secondary schools responding to three central government policies calling for concurrent change were analyzed, taking the schedule of a school as an exemplary case of a cluster of organization routines. Five distinct responses were distinguished, which can be sorted according to their impact on the whole organization. The study fnds that ten of the thirteen schools did not change anything in response to at least one of the three policies we studied. However, all schools changed their cluster of organization routines, which impacted the whole organization in response to at least one of the three government policies. Therefore, looking at combinations of responses and considering the impact of change on school organizations qualifes ideas about schools being resistant to policy or unwilling to change and improve.

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Getting policy done in educational practice: What happens when multiple central government policies meet clusters of organization routines in schools

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Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to report the grounded theory empirical validation on key categories within a design-led methodology to envision urban futures. The paper focuses on the editorial products and the design concepts that constitute the heart of the approach. An original elaboration of trend clusters is presented as an exemplification of the outcome of this trend research approach. Although the approach was not created from the viewpoint of tourism and leisure, bibliographic notes on place-making complement it for this journal. Design/methodology/approach: The paper presents empirical findings extracted by the means of the grounded theory, with the purpose to empirically validate two key categories (product and process) of a urban futures methodology. The methodology is an application of High Design, the process in use at Royal Philips BV for two decades. This methodology is contextualized within the constructivist episteme, as defined by the editors of this journal in a separate publication. Bibliographic references to place-making complete the paper. Findings: The following findings are provided: empirical validation of the city.people.light communication platform (qualitative research); empirical validation of the city.people.light workshop practice (qualitative research); and bibliographic descriptions of the design process governing city.people.light and newly developed urban futures trend clusters, at European level, as an exemplification of the program/approach outcome. Research limitations/implications: The paper is structured according to a multi-layered editorial focus. Empirical findings were generated at primary research level in a 2013-2015 grounded theory projected by the author. Furthermore, the author directed the research processes and products that are the object of empirical validation. Newly defined elaborations and a discussion thereof is offered, taking into account contemporary place-making issues. Practical implications: The original design-based methodology is a structured practice in urban futures from applied sciences and corporate innovation viewpoint. In this paper, its key categories are empirically validated through the grounded theory. Additionally, outcome from the original foresight programs is presented and a bibliographic review is provided from the viewpoint of place-making. Social implications: The co-creative methodology herein empirically validated is socio-cultural centered, with a strong drive to coutnerbalance the positivist and engineering corporate mindset through a humanistic concern for people. The framework in terms of place-making takes into account postmodern evolutions of the field. Originality/value: The paper benefits from a unique mix of: epistemic note on tourism, leisure, and the future; original urban futures scenarios and design concepts from a world class corporate innovation program; and the actual empirical core of the grounded theory validation as performed in a dedicated research project. These three separate streams are mutually related.

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Clusters and how to make it work

Clusters and how to make it work

Dynamics of cluster development

Dynamics of cluster development

Phonotactic and morphonotactic influences on the (a)synchronicity of consonant clusters in Polish

Using social media to support cluster development

Future of cluster developments

Getting policy done in educational practice: What happens when multiple central government policies meet clusters of organization routines in schools

Shine a light

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Clusters and how to make it work

Clusters and how to make it work

Dynamics of cluster development

Dynamics of cluster development

Phonotactic and morphonotactic influences on the (a)synchronicity of consonant clusters in Polish

Using social media to support cluster development

Future of cluster developments

Getting policy done in educational practice: What happens when multiple central government policies meet clusters of organization routines in schools

Shine a light