Zoekresultaten

Agro-ecological description of LINTUL-POTATO

Kinetic modelling

Three empirical models were used to fit the formation of acrylamide in crisps of three different cold-sweetened potato genotypes, fried under the same experimental conditions. Statistical methods were used to compare the performance of the models, with the "Logistic-Exponential" model performing the best. The obtained model parameters for the formation of acrylamide showed improvement in precision compared to an earlier study, the precision of the parameter estimates for the degradation of acrylamide was still problematic. Nevertheless, the predictive capacity of the "Logistic-Exponential" model was tested, as this model showed a strong correlation between parameter a and the reducing sugar content of the raw potato. The predictions from this model for the formation of acrylamide in potato crisps were close to earlier reported experimental values. Therefore, the use of the "Logistic-Exponential" model as a tool to predict acrylamide in potato crisps seems promising and should be developed further.

LINBAL, Light INterception By Active Leaflayers: Description and application of a Late Blight limited potato growth model for the Andean Ecoregion

The objective of this study is to apply a potato model for the Andean Ecoregion and extend this model with Late Blight epidemiology and fungicide spray scheduling in order to evaluate effects (trade-offs) of fungicide applications on potato yield.

Hyper-spectral frequency selection for the classification of vegetation diseases

Reducing the use of pesticides by early visual detection of diseases in precision agriculture is important. Because of the color similarity between potato-plant diseases, narrow band hyper-spectral imaging is required. Payload constraints on unmanned aerial vehicles require reduc- tion of spectral bands. Therefore, we present a methodology for per-patch classification combined with hyper-spectral band selection. In controlled experiments performed on a set of individual leaves, we measure the performance of five classifiers and three dimensionality-reduction methods with three patch sizes. With the best-performing classifier an error rate of 1.5% is achieved for distinguishing two important potato-plant diseases.

Enzymatic degradation of granular potato starch by Microbacterium aurum strain B8.A

Microbacterium aurum strain B8.A was isolated from the sludge of a potato starch-processing factory on the basis of its ability to use granular starch as carbon- and energy source. Extracellular enzymes hydrolyzing granular starch were detected in the growth medium of M. aurum B8.A, while the type strain M. aurum DSMZ 8600 produced very little amylase activity, and hence was unable to degrade granular starch. The strain B8.A extracellular enzyme fraction degraded wheat, tapioca and potato starch at 37 °C, well below the gelatinization temperature of these starches. Starch granules of potato were hydrolyzed more slowly than of wheat and tapioca, probably due to structural differences and/or surface area effects. Partial hydrolysis of starch granules by extracellular enzymes of strain B8.A resulted in large holes of irregular sizes in case of wheat and tapioca and many smaller pores of relatively homogeneous size in case of potato. The strain B8.A extracellular amylolytic system produced mainly maltotriose and maltose from both granular and soluble starch substrates; also, larger maltooligosaccharides were formed after growth of strain B8.A in rich medium. Zymogram analysis confirmed that a different set of amylolytic enzymes was present depending on the growth conditions of M. aurum B8.A. Some of these enzymes could be partly purified by binding to starch granules.

Effects of Mineral Elements and Annealing on the Physicochemical Properties of Native Potato Starch

Native potato starch is an excellent carrier of minerals due to its inherent ion exchange capacity. Mineral enrichment not only changes the nutritional value but also influences starch pasting and swelling properties. Hydrothermal treatments like annealing constitute a straightforward and green way to tune functional properties. Here, novel combinations of mineral enrichment and annealing were studied. Ion exchange was readily achieved by suspending starch in a salt solution at room temperature over 3 h and confirmed by ICP-OES. Annealing at 50 °C for 24 h using demineralized water or salt solutions strongly affected pasting, thermal, and swelling properties. The obtained XRD and DSC results support a more ordered structure with relative crystallinity increasing from initially 41.7% to 44.4% and gelatinization onset temperature increasing from 60.39 to 65.94 J/g. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy revealed no detectable changes after annealing. Total digestible starch content decreased after annealing from 8.89 to 7.86 g/100 g. During both ion exchange at room temperature and annealing, monovalent cations promoted swelling and peak viscosity, and divalent cations suppressed peak viscosity through ionic crosslinking. The presented combination allows fine-tuning of pasting behavior, potentially enabling requirements of respective food applications to be met while offering an alternative to chemically modified starches.