Use of methylphenidate in children has increased substantially, despite conflicting evidence regarding efficacy. In this study, prescription data were analyzed in relation to the publication of new evidence regarding efficacy. Incidence rates and prescribed doses of methylphenidate increased, with a decline during the last few years. Duration of use is still increasing. In half of the cases, starting dosages are higher than recommended in guidelines. There was little evidence that publication of new evidence directly influenced the use of methylphenidate. Recent and critical study findings should receive more attention to contribute to the development and use of treatment guidelines for ADHD and evidence-based methylphenidate use.
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Athlete development depends on many factors that need to be balanced by the coach. The amount of data collected grows with the development of sensor technology. To make data-informed decisions for training prescription of their athletes, coaches could be supported by feedback through a coach dashboard. The aim of this paper is to describe the design of a coach dashboard based on scientific knowledge, user requirements, and (sensor) data to support decision making of coaches for athlete development in cyclic sports. The design process involved collaboration with coaches, embedded scientists, researchers, and IT professionals. A classic design thinking process was used to structure the research activities in five phases: empathise, define, ideate, prototype, and test phases. To understand the user requirements of coaches, a survey (n = 38), interviews (n = 8) and focus-group sessions (n = 4) were held. Design principles were adopted into mock-ups, prototypes, and the final coach dashboard. Designing a coach dashboard using the co-operative research design helped to gain deep insights into the specific user requirements of coaches in their daily training practice. Integrating these requirements, scientific knowledge, and functionalities in the final coach dashboard allows the coach to make data-informed decisions on training prescription and optimise athlete development.
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Abstract Background. Fever in children is common and mostly caused by self-limiting infections. However, parents of febrile children often consult in general practice, in particular during out-of-hours care. To improve management, it is important to understand experiences of GPs managing these consultations. Objective. To describe GPs’ experiences regarding management of childhood fever during out-ofhours care. Methods. A descriptive qualitative study using purposeful sampling, five focus group discussions were held among 37 GPs. Analysis was based on constant comparative technique using open and axial coding. Results. Main categories were: (i) Workload and general experience; (ii) GPs’ perceptions of determinants of consulting behaviour; (iii) Parents’ expectations from the GP’s point of view; (iv) Antibiotic prescribing decisions; (v) Uncertainty of GPs versus uncertainty of parents and (vi) Information exchange during the consultation. GPs felt management of childhood fever imposes a considerable workload. They perceived a mismatch between parental concerns and their own impression of illness severity, which combined with time–pressure can lead to frustration. Diagnostic uncertainty is driven by low incidences of serious infections and dealing with parental demand for antibiotics is still challenging. Conclusion. Children with a fever account for a high workload during out-of-hours GP care which provides a diagnostic challenge due to the low incidence of serious illnesses and lacking longterm relationship. This can lead to frustration and drives antibiotics prescription rates. Improving information exchange during consultations and in the general public to young parents, could help provide a safety net thereby enhancing self-management, reducing consultations and workload, and subsequent antibiotic prescriptions.
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Aim: In-hospital prescribing errors (PEs) may result in patient harm, prolonged hospitalization and hospital (re)admission. These events are associated with pressure on healthcare services and significant healthcare costs. To develop targeted interventions to prevent or reduce in-hospital PEs, identification and understanding of facilitating and protective factors influencing in-hospital PEs in current daily practice is necessary, adopting a Safety-II perspective. The aim of this systematic review was to create an overview of all factors reported in the literature, both protective and facilitating, as influencing in-hospital PEs. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE.com and the Cochrane Library (via Wiley) were searched, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement, for studies that identified factors influencing in-hospital PEs. Both qualitative and quantitative study designs were included. Results: Overall, 19 articles (6 qualitative and 13 quantitative studies) were included and 40 unique factors influencing in-hospital PEs were identified. These factors were categorized into five domains according to the Eindhoven classification (‘organization-related’, ‘prescriber-related’, ‘prescription-related’, ‘technologyrelated’ and ‘unclassified’) and visualized in an Ishikawa (Fishbone) diagram. Most of the identified factors (87.5%; n = 40) facilitated in-hospital PEs. The most frequently identified facilitating factor (39.6%; n = 19) was ‘insufficient (drug) knowledge, prescribing skills and/or experience of prescribers’. Conclusion: The findings of this review could be used to identify points of engagement for future intervention studies and help hospitals determine how to optimize prescribing. A multifaceted intervention, targeting multiple factors might help to circumvent the complex challenge of in-hospital PEs.
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Background: Generally, a significant portion of healthcare spending consists of out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses. Patients indicate that, in practice, there are often some OOP expenses, incurred when they receive medical care, which are unexpected for them and should have been taken into account when deciding on a course of action. Patients are often reliant on their GP and may, therefore, expect their GP to provide them with information about the costs of treatment options, taking into consideration their individual insurance plan. This also applies to the Netherlands, where OOP expenses increased rapidly over the years. In the current study, we observed the degree to which matters around patients' insurance and OOP expenses are discussed in the Netherlands, using video recordings of consultations between patients and GPs. Methods: Video recordings were collected from patient-GP consultations in 2015-2016. In 2015, 20 GPs and 392 patients from the eastern part of the Netherlands participated. In 2016, another eight GPs and 102 patients participated, spread throughout the Netherlands. The consultations were coded by three observers using an observation protocol. We achieved an almost perfect inter-rater agreement (Kappa = .82). Results: In total, 475 consultations were analysed. In 9.5% of all the consultations, issues concerning patients' health insurance and OOP expenses were discussed. The reimbursement of the cost of medication was discussed most often and patients' current insurance and co-payments least often. In some consultations, the GP brought up the subject, while in others, the patient initiated the discussion. Conclusions: While GPs may often be in the position to provide patients with information about treatment alternatives, few patients discuss the financial effects of their referral or prescription with their GP. This result complies with existing literature. Policy makers, GPs and insurers should think about how GPs and patients can be facilitated when considering the OOP expenses of treatment. There are several factors why this study, analysing video recordings of routine GP consultations in the Netherlands, is particularly relevant: Dutch GPs play a gatekeeper function; OOP expenses have increased relatively swiftly; and patients have both the right to decide on their treatment, and to choose a provider.
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Malnutrition, especially among the elderly in the healthcare environment, is a prevalent problem in The Netherlands, affecting both patients and the healthcare budget. Although oral nutritional supplements (ONS) are often used to restore the nutritional status of a patient, the evaluated current available literature failed to show a coherent picture of the effectiveness of ONS in malnourished patients. In the present study, we used a qualitative research approach to gain insight in the treatment of malnutrition via ONS and food snacks in a single non-academic teaching hospital. Twelve semi-structured interviews with stakeholders (such as dieticians, nurses, care-assistants, physician) were held. Results indicated opportunities for further improvement, for example through the introduction of a screening tool for malnutrition in cognitive impaired patients, better timing for handing out the daily meal plan forms, and improved range and provision of snacks. The stakeholders indicated that taste and physical properties of ONS, but also social environment as well as the physical/mental state and motivation of a patient are important facilitators which should be considered during the prescription. In conclusion, to optimize treatment of malnutrition using ONS and food snacks, the above mentioned opportunities to better match the needs of malnourished patients have to be tackled. Involvement of the different stakeholders within the healthcare facility will be important to implement required changes in nutritional practice.
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Steeds vaker worden de effecten van kunst op welzijn en gezondheid benoemd. In onderzoeken komt naar voren dat het deelnemen aan kunstactiviteiten, actief, receptief of reflectief bijdraagt aan het welbevinden van mensen en het versterken van de samenleving (LKCA, 2021 en 2023; Movisie, 2021; Fancourt & Finn, 2019; Daykin, 2020). De laatste twintig jaar zijn er veel projecten en onderzoeken gestart waarin de relatie wordt onderzocht tussen gezondheid en de impact die de kunsten daarop kunnen hebben. In deze crossovers is er niet alleen kennis opgedaan, maar zijn ook verschillende perspectieven bij elkaar gebracht, zoals die van kunstprofessionals en zorgprofessionals, onderzoekers en beleidsmedewerkers die werken vanuit de beleidsterreinen kunst en cultuur, zorg en welzijn. Het verbinden van zorg en kunst krijgt heden ten dage meer en meer aandacht en de meerwaarde wordt gezien. In die verbinding worden potentiële oplossingen voor demografische en sociale problemen gevonden die leiden tot ervaringen op het gebied van gezondheid en ziekte (Daykin, 2020). Kortom, dat de kunsten een bijdrage kunnen leveren, wordt door veel onderzoeken bevestigd, maar hoe die bijdrage precies tot stand komt, is moeilijker vast te stellen. Er lijkt geen blauwdruk of kant-en-klaar recept te bestaan. Zo zien organisaties in zorg en welzijn zoals Careyn, Buurtzorg en DOCK in Utrecht West de meerwaarde van kunst, maar hebben geen praktische handvatten, kennis en vaardigheden. Wijkcultuurhuis Het Wilde Westen wil op dat gebied graag een bijdrage leveren om, meer specifiek, bij te dragen aan het welzijn en de positieve gezondheid van wijkbewoners. In de praktijk blijkt het nog lastig om elkaar te vinden, omdat iedere partij vanuit zijn eigen opdracht met bijpassende, vastgelegde geldstromen werkt. Het maken van crossovers is niet vanzelfsprekend en een lastige opgave. Daarom is in samenwerking met Het Wilde Westen, Buurtzorg, Careyn en DOCK dit onderzoek naar kunst en positieve gezondheid gestart, waarin verkennend onderzoek is gedaan naar het gezamenlijk inzetten van kunst ter bevordering van welzijn en positieve gezondheid. We onderzochten de samenwerking tussen de verschillende partners om te kijken wat voor hen nodig is om met bewoners vorm te geven aan kunstbeleving en de betekenis van de term ‘positieve gezondheid’. Dit onderzoek is financieel mogelijk gemaakt door regieorgaan SIA (Kiem GoCI). 1.1 Onderzoeksvraag In het voortraject is gezamenlijk gekomen tot de volgende onderzoeksvraag: Hoe kan kunst community-based vanuit een wijkperspectief door kunst-, welzijns- en zorgprofessionals ingezet worden om een bijdrage te leveren aan de positieve gezondheid in Utrecht West? In deze onderzoeksvraag is, vanuit de wens uit de praktijk, de term ‘positieve gezondheid’ als uitgangspunt genomen. Reden hiervoor is dat dit begrip ruimte geeft voor een holistische blik op gezondheid en een ruimte geeft aan bewoners om zelf betekenis te geven aan het begrip gezondheid (Huber et al., 2011). Steeds duidelijker wordt dat de toegang tot gezondheidszorg maar een kleine invloed heeft op het ervaren van gezondheid en welzijn. De meeste uitdagingen op het gebied van gezondheid blijken meer en meer te maken te hebben met demografische en sociale trends. Ook zijn er veel ziekten waarvoor de bestaande gezondheidszorg niet als enige een oplossing kan bieden, denk bijvoorbeeld aan dementie en chronische ziekten (Daykin, 2020). Het werken vanuit het concept positieve gezondheid kan, doordat zij zich richt op de mens als geheel, bijdragen aan een meer holistische kijk op gezondheid (Huber, 2011). Daarbij is het belangrijk om op te merken dat positieve gezondheid geen onomstreden concept is. Zo wordt gewaarschuwd dat de beleidsmatige vertaling ervan kan leiden tot het terugtrekken van de overheid en bovendien normerend en te individualistisch kan worden ingezet (Cardol et al., 2017). In het onderzoek is positieve gezondheid gekozen als startpunt omdat een aantal consortiumpartners actief met dit concept werken. In het onderzoek wordt bewust gekeken naar hoe het begrip wordt ingezet en wat de discussiepunten ervan zijn. Bijvoorbeeld omdat er in Utrecht West gewerkt wordt vanuit het concept positieve gezondheid vanuit een wijkbenadering waarin het collectieve bewonersperspectief van belang is en niet enkel het individuele belang.
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Dit rapport beschrijft de trends in binnen- en buitenland op het gebied van Open Educational Resources. Dat gebeurt aan de hand van twaalf artikelen van Nederlandse experts op het gebied van open leermaterialen in het hoger onderwijs. Ook bevat het rapport twaalf intermezzo’s met spraakmakende voorbeelden.
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The report from Inholland University is dedicated to the impacts of data-driven practices on non-journalistic media production and creative industries. It explores trends, showcases advancements, and highlights opportunities and threats in this dynamic landscape. Examining various stakeholders' perspectives provides actionable insights for navigating challenges and leveraging opportunities. Through curated showcases and analyses, the report underscores the transformative potential of data-driven work while addressing concerns such as copyright issues and AI's role in replacing human artists. The findings culminate in a comprehensive overview that guides informed decision-making in the creative industry.
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Aims: Prescribing medication is a complex process that, when done inappropriately, can lead to adverse drug events, resulting in patient harm and hospital admissions. Worldwide cost is estimated at 42 billion USD each year. Despite several efforts in the past years, medication-related harm has not declined. The aim was to determine whether a prescriber-focussed participatory action intervention, initiated by a multidisciplinary pharmacotherapy team, is able to reduce the number of in-hospital prescriptions containing ≥1 prescribing error (PE), by identifying and reducing challenges in appropriate prescribing. Methods: A prospective single-centre before- and after study was conducted in an academic hospital in the Netherlands. Twelve clinical wards (medical, surgical, mixed and paediatric) were recruited. Results: Overall, 321 patients with a total of 2978 prescriptions at baseline were compared with 201 patients with 2438 prescriptions postintervention. Of these, m456 prescriptions contained ≥1 PE (15.3%) at baseline and 357 prescriptions contained ≥1 PEs (14.6%) postintervention. PEs were determined in multidisciplinary consensus. On some study wards, a trend toward a decreasing number of PEs was observed. The intervention was associated with a nonsignificant difference in PEs (incidence rate ratio 0.96, 95% confidence interval 0.83–1.10), which was unaltered after correction. The most important identified challenges were insufficient knowledge beyond own expertise, unawareness of guidelines and a heavy workload. Conclusion: The tailored interventions developed with and implemented by stakeholders led to a statistically nonsignificant reduction in inappropriate in-hospital prescribing after a 6-month intervention period. Our prescriber-focussed participatory action intervention identified challenges in appropriate in-hospital prescribing on prescriber- and organizational level.
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