ObjectiveRepeated practice, or spacing, can improve various types of skill acquisition. Similarly, virtual reality (VR) simulators have demonstrated their effectiveness in fostering surgical skill acquisition and provide a promising, realistic environment for spaced training. To explore how spacing impacts VR simulator-based acquisition of surgical psychomotor skills, we performed a systematic literature review.MethodsWe systematically searched the databases PubMed, PsycINFO, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, ERIC and CINAHL for studies investigating the influence of spacing on the effectiveness of VR simulator training focused on psychomotor skill acquisition in healthcare professionals. We assessed the quality of all included studies using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI) and the risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias assessment tool. We extracted and aggregated qualitative data regarding spacing interval, psychomotor task performance and several other performance metrics.ResultsThe searches yielded 1662 unique publications. After screening the titles and abstracts, 53 publications were retained for full text screening and 7 met the inclusion criteria. Spaced training resulted in better performance scores and faster skill acquisition when compared to control groups with a single day (massed) training session. Spacing across consecutive days seemed more effective than shorter or longer spacing intervals. However, the included studies were too heterogeneous in terms of spacing interval, obtained performance metrics and psychomotor skills analysed to allow for a meta-analysis to substantiate our outcomes.ConclusionSpacing in VR simulator-based surgical training improved skill acquisition when compared to massed training. The overall number and quality of available studies were only moderate, limiting the validity and generalizability of our findings.
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Een leven lang bewegen lijkt in de huidige maatschappij geen vanzelfsprekendheid. Kinderen hebben meer overgewicht, bewegen minder, doen meer zittende activiteiten, hebben een ongezonder voedingspatroon en lijken minder buiten te spelen dan een aantal decennia geleden. Naast de lichamelijke activiteit is ook de motorische ontwikkeling ven kinderen aan negatieve verandering onderhevig. Professionals in het onderwijs, gymdocenten, kunnen een belangrijke rol spelen in de motorische ontwikkeling van kinderen door de juiste randvoorwaarden te scheppen en hen hierin te stimuleren en ondersteunen. De grote vraag is alleen: hoe maak je de motorische vaardigheid van kinderen op een goede manier inzichtelijk? LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jorishoeboer/
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De maatschappij verandert razendsnel en vraagt een meer ondernemende en nieuwsgierige houding van studenten en professionals. Kennis en vaardigheden die hiervoor essentieel zijn noemen we binnen Fontys TEC: Technology, Entrepreneurship en Creativity. Wie over TEC-skills beschikt, begrijpt hoe technologie vraagstukken kan oplossen, durft te ondernemen en zoekt naar creatieve oplossingen en samenwerkingen. Onze studenten, afgestudeerden, docenten en onderzoekers leveren zo een proactieve bijdrage aan een duurzame en inclusieve samenleving. Jonge mensen opleiden tot TEC-professionals, dat zien we binnen Fontys als onze hoofdtaak. Deze vaardigheden worden zowel in het onderwijs als in het praktijkgerichte onderzoek aangeleerd en gestimuleerd. De komende jaren bepaalt het thema TEC for Society grotendeels de koers van het onderwijs binnen Fontys. Met vijf inhoudelijke onderzoeksthema’s zet Fontys in op de ontwikkeling naar een kennisintensieve netwerkorganisatie die verbonden is met vraagstukken in de samenleving en het bedrijfsleven. Deze thema’s zijn: • High Tech Systems and Materials • Health • Learning Society • Smart Society • Creative Economy Het thema Learning Society wil een bijdrage leveren aan het leven lang leren en het ontwikkelen van de wenbaarheid en weerbaarheid van de inwoners in onze regio. Binnen dit onderzoeksthema wordt door lectoren uit verschillende domeinen samengewerkt en onderzoek verricht. Dit literatuuronderzoek was een van de startactiviteiten binnen het thema Learning Society. We wilden vanuit verschillende disciplines een beeld krijgen van wat al bekend is over future skills, innovatieve leer- en werkomgevingen en de vragen die daarbij spelen. In deze rapportage delen we onze eerste inzichten.
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Movement is an essential part of our lives. Throughout our lifetime, we acquire many different motor skills that are necessary to take care of ourselves (e.g., eating, dressing), to work (e.g., typing, using tools, care for others) and to pursue our hobbies (e.g., running, dancing, painting). However, as a consequence of aging, trauma or chronic disease, motor skills may deteriorate or become “lost”. Learning, relearning, and improving motor skills may then be essential to maintain or regain independence. There are many different ways in which the process of learning a motor skill can be shaped in practice. The conceptual basis for this thesis was the broad distinction between implicit and explicit forms of motor learning. Physiotherapists and occupational therapists are specialized to provide therapy that is tailored to facilitate the process of motor learning of patients with a wide range of pathologies. In addition to motor impairments, patients suffering from neurological disorders often also experience problems with cognition and communication. These problems may hinder the process of learning at a didactic level, and make motor learning especially challenging for those with neurological disorders. This thesis focused on the theory and application of motor learning during rehabilitation of patients with neurological disorders. The overall aim of this thesis was to provide therapists in neurological rehabilitation with knowledge and tools to support the justified and tailored use of motor learning in daily clinical practice. The thesis is divided into two parts. The aim of the first part (Chapters 2‐5) was to develop a theoretical basis to apply motor learning in clinical practice, using the implicit‐explicit distinction as a conceptual basis. Results of this first part were used to develop a framework for the application of motor learning within neurological rehabilitation (Chapter 6). Afterwards, in the second part, strategies identified in first part were tested for feasibility and potential effects in people with stroke (Chapters 7 and 8). Chapters 5-8 are non-final versions of an article published in final form in: Chapter 5: Kleynen M, Moser A, Haarsma FA, Beurskens AJ, Braun SM. Physiotherapists use a great variety of motor learning options in neurological rehabilitation, from which they choose through an iterative process: a retrospective think-aloud study. Disabil Rehabil. 2017 Aug;39(17):1729-1737. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2016.1207111. Chapter 6: Kleynen M, Beurskens A, Olijve H, Kamphuis J, Braun S. Application of motor learning in neurorehabilitation: a framework for health-care professionals. Physiother Theory Pract. 2018 Jun 19:1-20. doi: 10.1080/09593985.2018.1483987 Chapter 7: Kleynen M, Wilson MR, Jie LJ, te Lintel Hekkert F, Goodwin VA, Braun SM. Exploring the utility of analogies in motor learning after stroke: a feasibility study. Int J Rehabil Res. 2014 Sep;37(3):277-80. doi: 10.1097/MRR.0000000000000058. Chapter 8: Kleynen M, Jie LJ, Theunissen K, Rasquin SM, Masters RS, Meijer K, Beurskens AJ, Braun SM. The immediate influence of implicit motor learning strategies on spatiotemporal gait parameters in stroke patients: a randomized within-subjects design. Clin Rehabil. 2019 Apr;33(4):619-630. doi: 10.1177/0269215518816359.
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A heterogeneous sample of 137 school-aged children with learning disabilities (IQ > 80) attending special needs schools was examined on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC). The results show that compared to the available norm scores, 52.6% of the children tested performed below the 15th percentile on manual dexterity, 40.9% on ball skills, and 33.7% on balance skills. Furthermore, after controlling for IQ, significant small to moderate partial correlations were found between spelling and mathematics and the MABC total score, as well as small to moderate correlations between mathematics and balance, between reading and ball skills, and between spelling and manual dexterity. The present findings are compared with previously reported results obtained in more homogenous groups, and based on the resultant relationships between academic performance and motor development, recommendations for future motor intervention studies are made.
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Arts in Health, also known as Arts for Health, is an umbrella term used to describe the domain of using the arts to enhance our (mental) health and well-being. It involves a heterogeneous range of professionals who use the arts in various ways, with different goals and outcomes. The practices of these professionals can be placed on a continuum based on the variety of goals and outcomes, ranging from promoting social connection or well-being to treating (mental) health conditions. Recent discussions in the Netherlands have raised questions about the position of creative arts therapists on this continuum. This opinion paper addresses this issue by providing a brief overview of the development of the profession of creative arts therapists, the working areas of creative arts therapists and the growing evidence base of creative arts therapeutic interventions. The practices of creative arts therapists are positioned on the continuum, where the emphasis on and accountability for the clients’ (mental) health increases and evidence-informed use of the arts within a more clearly delineated and legally safeguarded professional framework are present. Knowing where the practices of creative arts therapists are placed can assist in identifying when to choose creative arts therapists, other professionals combining arts and healthcare, or a combination of professionals.
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Background: People with a personality disorder (PD) suffer from enduring inflexible patterns in cognitions and emotions, leading to significant subjective distress, affecting both self and interpersonal functioning. In clinical practice, Dance Movement Therapy (DMT) is provided to clients with a PD, and although research continuously confirms the value of DMT for many populations, to date, there is very limited information available on DMT and PD. For this study, a systematic literature review on DMT and PD was conducted to identify the content of the described DMT interventions and the main treatment themes to focus upon in DMT for PD. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across the following databases: EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, WEB OF SCIENCE, PsycINFO/OVID, and SCOPUS following the PRISMA guidelines. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme for qualitative studies was used to rank the quality of the articles. The Oxford Center for Evidence-based Medicine standards were applied to determine the hierarchical level of best evidence. Quantitative content analysis was used to identify the intervention components: intended therapeutic goals, therapeutic activities leading to these goals, and suggested therapeutic effects following from these activities. A thematic synthesis approach was applied to analyze and formulate overarching themes. Results: Among 421 extracted articles, four expert opinions met the inclusion criteria. Six overarching themes were found for DMT interventions for PD: self-regulation, interpersonal relationships, integration of self, processing experiences, cognition, and expression and symbolization in movement/dance. No systematic descriptions of DMT interventions for PD were identified. A full series of intervention components could be synthesized for the themes of self-regulation, interpersonal relationships, and cognition. The use of body-oriented approaches and cognitive strategies was in favor of dance-informed approaches. Conclusions: Dance movement therapists working with PD clients focus in their interventions on body-related experiences, non-verbal interpersonal relationships, and to a lesser extent, cognitive functioning. A methodological line for all intervention components was synthesized for the themes of self-regulation, interpersonal relationships, and cognition, of importance for developing systematic intervention descriptions. Future research could focus on practitioners’ expertise in applying DMT interventions for PD to develop systematic intervention descriptions and explore the suitability of the identified themes for clinical application. Clients’ experiences could offer essential insights on how DMT interventions could address PD pathology and specific PD categories.
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Kinderen zijn beduidend zwaarder en minder actief dan vroeger. Docenten Lichamelijke Opvoeding (LO) zouden een belangrijke rol kunnen spelen in het ombuigen van deze trends, onder andere door zich meer te richten op de motorische vaardigheid van kinderen, een belangrijke voorspeller van een meer actieve leefstijl op latere leeftijd. Uit de Nulmeting Bewegingsonderwijs (Reijgersberg et al., 2013) komt naar voren dat niet duidelijk is in hoeverre docenten LO bijdragen aan de motorische vaardigheid van kinderen. Om hier meer inzicht in te krijgen is behoefte aan een valide, betrouwbaar en praktisch toepasbaar meetinstrument. In dit artikel wordt ingegaan op het meten van de motorische vaardigheid binnen de context van de lichamelijke opvoeding met een nieuw meetinstrument: het Athletic Skills (AS)-beweegparcours.
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De HBO-i-domeinbeschrijving dient als functioneel kwalificatiekader voor hogescholen, gericht op de startbekwaamheid van ICT-professionals van de toekomst. In vrijwel elk facet van het maatschappelijke, zakelijke, sociale en persoonlijke leven speelt ICT een grote rol. ICT is niet alleen zelf een belangrijke sector van economische bedrijvigheid, het is ook een onmisbare motor voor innovatie in alle kennisintensieve domeinen in onze samenleving. Nederland heeft grote behoefte aan kwalitatief goed opgeleide ICT’ers. Het ICT-domein verbreedt en verdiept zich. Behalve dat de vraag naar ICT'ers toeneemt, neemt ook de specialisatie naar ICT-subdomeinen toe. Om in te kunnen spelen op nieuwe toepassingen, arbeidsmarktvragen, wensen en innovaties is regelmatige actualisering van de HBO-i-domeinbeschrijving noodzakelijk. Naast de ontwikkelingen in het ICT-domein, ontwikkelt ook het onderwijsveld zich. Zo is er in toenemende mate aandacht voor Associate Degree en Professional Master programma's en leidt focus op de match tussen werkveld en opleidingsdoelen tot extra aandacht voor professional skills.
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OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) in Dutch children aged 5.5 years, and to examine the association between GJH and motor performance and development over time.STUDY DESIGN: A prospective cohort of 249 children was recruited. GJH was assessed with the Beighton test at age 5.5 years. Motor performance was evaluated at age 2.0 years using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Second Edition and at age 5.5 years using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition (subscore categories: manual dexterity, aiming and catching, and static and dynamic balance).RESULTS: In 249 children, the prevalence of GJH, defined by the Beighton test score, was 34.1% for a score ≥ 4, 22.5% for a score ≥ 5, and 16.5% for a score ≥ 6. No significant association was found between GJH and total motor performance. Manual dexterity in girls (Beighton score ≥ 4) was positively associated with higher level of motor performance (β [SE] = 0.38 [0.17]; P = .028), ranging from +0.04 SD to +0.72 SD, even after correction for covariates. A significant interaction between GJH and body mass index (BMI) growth was found, indicating that the effect of GJH on the rate of development of motor performance declines with increasing BMI growth (β = 0.05 [0.02]; P = .031).CONCLUSION: In this healthy pediatric cohort, GJH was present in one-third of the sample, and no significant association was found between GJH and total motor performance. The effect of GJH on the rate of development of motor performance appears to decline with increasing BMI growth. Longitudinal prospective studies are recommended to detect influences of GJH on motor performance over time, as well as the influence of body composition and Beighton cutoff points.
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