This article examines China's public diplomacy strategy within Japan. The size and complexity of China renders the management of the country's image a challenging undertaking in any context, particularly so within Japan where the weight of historical issues between the two countries presents a significant obstacle to any attempts to implement image enhancement initiatives. A purposive sample of expert respondents were asked to give their perceptions of the impact of China's public diplomacy strategy in Japan. The results suggest that the level of success achieved to date has been low, although recent visits to Japan by Chinese leaders have been relatively well received in Japan, which may form the basis for better future outcomes for China's public diplomacy in Japan.
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In this thesis, a Dutch version of the Brief IPQ is presented to assess IPs in daily physiotherapy practice in The Netherlands. Further, a literature overview of the existing associations and prognosis of IPs on MSP and functioning is presented, and these associations in primary physiotherapy care in The Netherlands are explored. The impact of a matched care physiotherapy package, matched to dysfunctional IPs, and MSP and physical functioning is studied. In this thesis, three themes (ie. measurement, association / prediction and treatment) are explored for their contribution to physiotherapy management of MSP in general, and especially for low back pain
Traditionally, most cleaning activities take place in the evening or during nighttime.In the Netherlands, day-time cleaning is becoming increasingly popular. It is however unknown how day-time cleaning affects perceptions and satisfaction of end-users. An experimental field study was conducted on trains of Netherlands Railways (NS) to determine how the presence of cleaning staff affects perceptions and satisfaction of train passengers.
The impacts of tourism on destinations and the perceptions of local communities have been a major concern both for the industry and research in the past decades. However, tourism planning has been mainly focused on traditions that promote the increase of tourism without taking under consideration the wellbeing of both residents and visitors. To develop a more sustainable tourism model, the inclusion of local residents in tourism decision-making is vital. However, this is not always possible due to structural, economic and socio-cultural restrictions that residents face resulting to their disempowerment. This study aims to explore and interpret the formal processes around tourism decision-making and community empowerment in urban settings. The research proposes a comparative study of three urban destinations in Europe (The Hague in the Netherlands, San Sebastian in Spain and, Ioannina in Greece) that experience similar degree of tourism growth. The proposed study will use a design-based approach in order to understand tourism decision-making and what empowers or disempowers community participation within the destinations. Based on the findings of primary and secondary data, a community empowerment model will be applied in one the destinations as a pilot for resident engagement in tourism planning. The evaluation of the pilot will allow for an optimized model to be created with implications for tourism planning at a local level that can contribute to sustainable destinations that safeguard the interests of local residents and tourists.
Examining in-class activities to facilitate academic achievement in higher educationThere is an increasing interest in how to create an effective and comfortable indoor environment for lecturers and students in higher education. To achieve evidence-based improvements in the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) of higher education learning environments, this research aimed to gain new knowledge for creating optimal indoor environmental conditions that best facilitate in-class activities, i.e. teaching and learning, and foster academic achievement. The academic performance of lecturers and students is subdivided into short-term academic performance, for example, during a lecture and long-term academic performance, during an academic course or year, for example. First, a systematic literature review was conducted to reveal the effect of indoor environmental quality in classrooms in higher education on the quality of teaching, the quality of learning, and students’ academic achievement. With the information gathered on the applied methods during the literature review, a systematic approach was developed and validated to capture the effect of the IEQ on the main outcomes. This approach enables research that aims to examine the effect of all four IEQ parameters, indoor air quality, thermal conditions, lighting conditions, and acoustic conditions on students’ perceptions, responses, and short-term academic performance in the context of higher education classrooms. Next, a field experiment was conducted, applying the validated systematic approach, to explore the effect of multiple indoor environmental parameters on students and their short-term academic performance in higher education. Finally, a qualitative case study gathered lecturers’ and students’ perceptions related to the IEQ. Furthermore, how these users interact with the environment to maintain an acceptable IEQ was studied.During the systematic literature review, multiple scientific databases were searched to identify relevant scientific evidence. After the screening process, 21 publications were included. The collected evidence showed that IEQ can contribute positively to students’ academic achievement. However, it can also affect the performance of students negatively, even if the IEQ meets current standards for classrooms’ IEQ conditions. Not one optimal IEQ was identified after studying the evidence. Indoor environmental conditions in which students perform at their best differ and are task depended, indicating that classrooms should facilitate multiple indoor environmental conditions. Furthermore, the evidence provides practical information for improving the design of experimental studies, helps researchers in identifying relevant parameters, and lists methods to examine the influence of the IEQ on users.The measurement methods deduced from the included studies of the literature review, were used for the development of a systematic approach measuring classroom IEQ and students’ perceived IEQ, internal responses, and short-term academic performance. This approach allowed studying the effect of multiple IEQ parameters simultaneously and was tested in a pilot study during a regular academic course. The perceptions, internal responses, and short-term academic performance of participating students were measured. The results show associations between natural variations of the IEQ and students’ perceptions. These perceptions were associated with their physiological and cognitive responses. Furthermore, students’ perceived cognitive responses were associated with their short-term academic performance. These observed associations confirm the construct validity of the composed systematic approach. This systematic approach was then applied in a field experiment, to explore the effect of multiple indoor environmental parameters on students and their short-term academic performance in higher education. A field study, with a between-groups experimental design, was conducted during a regular academic course in 2020-2021 to analyze the effect of different acoustic, lighting, and indoor air quality (IAQ) conditions. First, the reverberation time was manipulated to 0.4 s in the intervention condition (control condition 0.6 s). Second, the horizontal illuminance level was raised from 500 to 750 lx in the intervention condition (control condition 500 lx). These conditions correspond with quality class A (intervention condition) and B (control condition), specified in Dutch IEQ guidelines for school buildings (2015). Third, the IAQ, which was ~1100 ppm carbon dioxide (CO2), as a proxy for IAQ, was improved to CO2 concentrations under 800 ppm, meeting quality class A in both conditions. Students’ perceptions were measured during seven campaigns with a questionnaire; their actual cognitive and short-term academic performances were evaluated with validated tests and an academic test, composed by the lecturer, as a subject-matter-expert on the taught topic, covered subjects discussed during the lecture. From 201 students 527 responses were collected and analyzed. A reduced RT in combination with raised HI improved students’ perceptions of the lighting environment, internal responses, and quality of learning. However, this experimental condition negatively influenced students’ ability to solve problems, while students' content-related test scores were not influenced. This shows that although quality class A conditions for RT and HI improved students’ perceptions, it did not influence their short-term academic performance. Furthermore, the benefits of reduced RT in combination with raised HI were not observed in improved IAQ conditions. Whether the sequential order of the experimental conditions is relevant in inducing these effects and/or whether improving two parameters is already beneficial, is unknownFinally, a qualitative case study explored lecturers’ and students’ perceptions of the IEQ of classrooms, which are suitable to give tutorials with a maximum capacity of about 30 students. Furthermore, how lecturers and students interact with this indoor environment to maintain an acceptable IEQ was examined. Eleven lecturers of the Hanze University of Applied Sciences (UAS), located in the northern part of the Netherlands, and twenty-four of its students participated in three focus group discussions. The findings show that lecturers and students experience poor thermal, lighting, acoustic, and IAQ conditions which may influence teaching and learning performance. Furthermore, maintaining acceptable thermal and IAQ conditions was difficult for lecturers as opening windows or doors caused noise disturbances. In uncomfortable conditions, lecturers may decide to pause earlier or shorten a lecture. When students experienced discomfort, it may affect their ability to concentrate, their emotional status, and their quality of learning. Acceptable air and thermal conditions in classrooms will mitigate the need to open windows and doors. This allows lecturers to keep doors and windows closed, combining better classroom conditions with neither noise disturbances nor related distractions. Designers and engineers should take these end users’ perceptions into account, often monitored by facility management (FM), during the renovation or construction of university buildings to achieve optimal IEQ conditions in higher education classrooms.The results of these four studies indicate that there is not a one-size fits all indoor environmental quality to facilitate optimal in-class activities. Classrooms’ thermal environment should be effectively controlled with the option of a local (manual) intervention. Classrooms’ lighting conditions should also be adjustable, both in light color and light intensity. This enables lecturers to adjust the indoor environment to facilitate in-class activities optimally. Lecturers must be informed by the building operator, for example, professionals of the Facility Department, how to change classrooms’ IEQ settings. And this may differ per classroom because each building, in which the classroom is located, is operated differently apart from the classroom location in the building, exposure to the environment, and its use. The knowledge that has come available from this study, shows that optimal indoor environmental conditions can positively influence lecturers’ and students’ comfort, health, emotional balance, and performance. These outcomes have the capacity to contribute to an improved school climate and thus academic achievement.
Tijdens de financiële crisis in 2008 ontstond er veel onzekerheid over taxatiewaarden van onroerend goed in Nederland. Doen taxateurs hun werk wel goed? Kunnen wij daar vanuit gaan als maatschappij? En wat houdt dat eigenlijk in, goed taxeren? In de nasleep van de crisis is de regelgeving in de taxatiesector aangescherpt. Tegelijkertijd weten we wetenschappelijk gezien vrij weinig van de wijze waarop taxateurs afwegingen maken in hun werk. Heeft aanscherping van regels dan wel nut?Doel Het vak van een taxateur bestaat voor een groot deel uit beeldvorming, oordeelsvorming en besluitvorming. Hij of zij maakt dus tijdens een taxatieopdracht veel keuzes; keuzes die van professioneel handelen getuigen of wellicht niet...? Als we de professionaliteit van taxateurs willen stimuleren, dan is het belangrijk om inzicht te krijgen in de onderliggende dynamiek van taxatieprocessen: wat verklaart het handelen van de taxateur? Welke patronen of belangen liggen daaraan ten grondslag? Het PhD onderzoek van Pim Klamer heeft als doel om het taxatieproces en de rol van de taxateur in dit proces te ontrafelen. Dat inzicht helpt om aanbevelingen te doen om professioneel handelen te stimuleren, bijvoorbeeld via taxatie-gerelateerd onderwijs. Bezoek de onderzoekerspagina van Pim Klamer. Resultaten In kader van onderstaande aanpak zijn de volgende artikelen gepubliceerd: Systematische literatuurverkenning naar het verschijnsel 'judgement bias', d.w.z. vooringenomenheid in oordeelsvorming in taxatieprocessen. Hieruit komt naar voren dat internationale studies een diffuus beeld geven van de mate van oordeelsbias bij taxateurs in hun werkzaamheden. Wetenschappelijke publicatie (Eng): Klamer, P., Bakker, C., & Gruis, V. (2017). 'Research bias in judgement bias studies – a systematic review of valuation judgement literature’, Journal of Property Research, 34(4), 285-304. Analyse van de mate van taakcomplexiteit in taxatieprocessen via gefundeerde theoriebenadering en diepte-interviews. Taakcomplexiteit wordt door taxateurs breed geïnterpreteerd, met inbegrip van omgevingsfactoren zoals de opdrachtgever en diens belangen. Verschillende typen taxateurs kennen verschillende typen taakomgevingen en gaan dus ook op verschillende wijze om met taakcomplexiteit in hun werk. De taakomgeving (zoals klantbelangen) kan zodoende van betekenis zijn bij de professionele oordeelsvorming van taxateurs. Wetenschappelijke publicatie (Eng): Klamer, P., Bakker, C. & Gruis, V. (2018) 'Complexity in valuation practice: an inquiry into valuers’ perceptions of task complexity in the Dutch real estate market', Journal of Property Research, 35(3), 209-233. Vakblad publicatie (Ned): Klamer, P., Bakker, C., & Gruis, V. (2019). 'Complexiteit in taxeren: Percepties van taakcomplexiteit in de Nederlandse taxatiesector'. Real Estate Research Quarterly, 18(3), 28-41. Casusgerichte enquête over de mate van klanthechting in informatieverificatie bij taxateurs. Klanthechting is empirisch vastgesteld bij taxateurs met makelaarservaring en/of een directiefunctie binnen hun organisatie. Klanthechting heeft als zodanig effect op de oordeelsvorming van taxateurs. Wetenschappelijke publicatie (Eng): Klamer, P., Gruis, V. & Bakker, C., (2019). 'How client attachment affects information verification in commercial valuation practice', Journal of Property Investment and Finance, 37(6), 541-554. Discussiepaper (Ned): Klamer, P. (2020). ‘Het effect van klanthechting op informatieverificatie bij taxeren’, ResearchGate, maart, 1-11. Analyse van de ideaaltypen van taxateurs via gefundeerde theoriebenadering en diepte-interviews. Taxateurs dienen drie taxateur-ideaaltypen in hun werk te integreren om tegemoet te komen aan diverse belanghebbenden. Deze ideaaltypen zijn de Expert, De Dienstverlener en de Rapporteur. De onderlinge ‘strijd’ tussen deze drie rollen kan effect hebben op de oordeelsvorming van taxateurs. Wetenschappelijke publicatie (Eng) en discussiepaper (Ned) volgen. Samenvatting proefschrift NL Looptijd 01 mei 2016 - 31 oktober 2020 Aanpak Het onderzoek is als volgt opgebouwd: Systematische literatuurverkenning naar het verschijnsel 'judgement bias', d.w.z. vooringenomenheid in oordeelsvorming in taxatieprocessen Analyse van de mate van taakcomplexiteit in taxatieprocessen via gefundeerde theoriebenadering en diepte-interviews Casusgerichte enquête over de mate van klanthechting in informatieverificatie bij taxateurs Kwalitatieve analyse van de ideaaltypen van rollen in taxeren via gefundeerde theoriebenadering en diepte-interviews Kwantitatieve analyse van roloriëntatie van taxateurs via een online enquête Dit promotieonderzoek vindt plaats in samenwerking met de Academie voor Vastgoed, een dochtermaatschappij van de Nederlandse Vereniging van Makelaars en Taxateurs o.g. (NVM). Opleidingen MSc Urban and Area Development
