Adaptive governance describes the purposeful collective actions to resist, adapt, or transform when faced with shocks. As governments are reluctant to intervene in informal settlements, community based organisations (CBOs) self-organize and take he lead. This study explores under what conditions CBOs in Mathare informal settlement, Nairobi initiate and sustain resilience activities during Covid-19. Study findings show that CBOs engage in multiple resilience activities, varying from maladaptive and unsustainable to adaptive, and transformative. Two conditions enable CBOs to initiate resilience activities: bonding within the community and coordination with other actors. To sustain these activities over 2.5 years of Covid-19, CBOs also require leadership, resources, organisational capacity, and network capacity. The same conditions appear to enable CBOs to engage in transformative activities. How-ever, CBOs cannot transform urban systems on their own. An additional condition, not met in Mathare, is that governments, NGOs, and donor agencies facilitate, support, and build community capacities. This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Adaptive governance by community-based organisations: Community resilience initiatives during Covid‐19 in Mathare, Nairobi. which has been published in final form at doi/10.1002/sd.2682. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions
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Background: Persons with an intellectual disability are at increased risk of experiencing adversities. The current study aims at providing an overview of the research on how resilience in adults with intellectual disabilities, in the face of adversity, is supported by sources in their social network. Method: A literature review was conducted in the databases Psycinfo and Web of Science. To evaluate the quality of the included studies, the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used. Results: The themes: “positive emotions,” “network acceptance,” “sense of coherence” and “network support,” were identified as sources of resilience in the social network of the adults with intellectual disabilities. Conclusion: The current review showed that research addressing sources of resilience among persons with intellectual disabilities is scarce. In this first overview, four sources of resilience in the social network of people with intellectual disabilities were identified that interact and possibly strengthen each other.
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Climate change and continuous urbanization contribute to an increased urban vulnerability towards flooding. Only relying on traditional flood control measures is recognized as inadequate, since the damage can be catastrophic if flood controls fail. The idea of a flood-resilient city – one which can withstand or adapt to a flood event without being harmed in its functionality – seems promising. But what does resilience actually mean when it is applied to urban environments exposed to flood risk, and how can resilience be achieved? This paper presents a heuristic framework for assessing the flood resilience of cities, for scientists and policy-makers alike. It enriches the current literature on flood resilience by clarifying the meaning of its three key characteristics – robustness, adaptability and transformability – and identifying important components to implement resilience strategies. The resilience discussion moves a step forward, from predominantly defining resilience to generating insight into “doing” resilience in practice. The framework is illustrated with two case studies from Hamburg, showing that resilience, and particularly the underlying notions of adaptability and transformability, first and foremost require further capacity-building among public as well as private stakeholders. The case studies suggest that flood resilience is currently not enough motivation to move from traditional to more resilient flood protection schemes in practice; rather, it needs to be integrated into a bigger urban agenda.
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Worldwide, coral reefs are rapidly declining due to increased sea water temperatures and other environmental stresses (Figure 1). To counter the extinction of major coral reef building species on the island of Bonaire, the non-profit organization Reef Renewal Foundation Bonaire is restoring degraded reef sites using corals that are grown in local nurseries. In these nurseries, corals are propagated on artificial trees using fragmentation. After 6-8 months of growth in the nursery, the corals are transplanted to degraded reef sites around the island. Over the years more than 21.000 corals have been outplanted to reef restoration sites in this way. These corals show high survivorship under natural reef conditions but remain under threat by environmental disturbances, such as increased water temperatures, diseases, and competition with macroalgae. A promising intervention to increase reef persistence and resilience is to manipulate the coral-associated microbiome. At present, the composition of the microbiome in nursery-reared and outplanted corals on Bonaire is unknown. The aim of the current project is to identify and isolate naturally occurring beneficial bacteria that may stimulate the resilience of these corals. Our key objectives are: 1) to assess the presence of functionally beneficial bacteria in corals in nursery and restoration sites on Bonaire using metagenomic screening. 2) to design culture strategies to isolate these functionally beneficial bacteria. In the future, a selection of these beneficial bacteria can be applied to the corals to increase their resilience against environmental disturbances.
Urban professionals need streamlined methods for identifying climate risks and prioritising equitable adaptation solutions in an inclusive, participatory way. The Netherlands' national discourse on climate adaptation highlights the need to protect the most vulnerable groups. However, current adaptation conventions rely heavily on biophysical data to locate climate hazards through 'stress tests' and prioritise adaptation based on existing infrastructure projects and political agendas. This approach often marginalises vulnerable groups and evades community engagement, resulting in inequitable outcomes. ENGAGED, the Equity Nexus of Governance, Adaptation Planning & Design for Urban Climate Resilience, proposes a novel practice-oriented approach where theoretical knowledge on equitable climate adaptation is empirically tested and applied to the Dutch context, emphasising trans-disciplinarity and equity, aiming to maximise impact. We will assess neighbourhood and block-level risks by extending the 'stress tests' to include demographic, cultural, socio-economic, and health indicators along with biophysical and climate data. We will identify adaptation opportunities that align with diverse planning agendas and prioritise projects based on potential linkages-benefits, and equity considerations. By collaborating with practitioners and community groups, we aim to gain valuable insights and confirm the effectiveness of our approach. The project will explore stakeholder engagement strategies to determine suitable adaptation solutions and identify governance barriers to adoption. We aim to facilitate equitable climate adaptation governance, planning, and design supporting municipalities to serve vulnerable groups more effectively and promote climate justice. ENGAGED will build upon research into climate adaptation and socio-economic issues from a range of projects, including the ZonMW Wijkaanpak Hitte, BEAT THE HEAT, Interreg Cool Cities, Horizon Up2030, KIN Accelerating Just Climate Transitions, NWO Citizen participation in climate adaptation, Interreg Cool Towns, and Buurtdashboard, Sociale kwetsbaarheid hitte and Wijktypen (KlimaatEffectAtlas).
Het onderzoeksvoorstel richt zich op het verkennen en verbeteren van de veerkracht van Generatie Z (Gen Z) medewerkers binnen de hospitalitysector. Dit onderzoek is gemotiveerd door de waargenomen mentale gezondheidsproblemen waarmee Gen Z te maken heeft, zoals hoge niveaus van stress, angst en burn-out, vooral in dynamische omgevingen zoals de hospitalitysector. Deze uitdagingen beïnvloeden niet alleen het welzijn van individuen, maar verergeren ook problemen zoals hoog personeelsverloop, ziekteverzuim en verminderde betrokkenheid, wat de dienstverlening en efficiëntie in de sector onder druk zet. Het onderzoek heeft tot doel veerkracht opnieuw te definiëren in de context van de hospitalitysector. Het onderzoek zal onderzoeken hoe individuele, organisatorische en maatschappelijke factoren veerkracht beïnvloeden en zal manieren verkennen waarop hotels actief kunnen bijdragen aan het versterken van de veerkracht van hun (jonge) medewerkers. De aanpak omvat een Design-Based Research (DBR) methodologie, die samenwerking tussen academici en de industrie benadrukt om praktische, op bewijs gebaseerde interventies te ontwikkelen. Het onderzoek zal in fasen worden uitgevoerd, te beginnen met een conceptuele studie om een basisbegrip van veerkracht vast te stellen, gevolgd door een uitgebreide analyse door middel van enquêtes en interviews, en uiteindelijk uitmondend in de ontwikkeling en het testen van strategieën om veerkracht op te bouwen. Het uiteindelijke doel is om een genuanceerd kader voor veerkracht te ontwikkelen dat niet alleen het welzijn van individuele medewerkers verbetert, maar ook bijdraagt aan de algehele duurzaamheid en het succes van de hospitalitysector. Het onderzoek zal naar verwachting bruikbare inzichten opleveren voor hotelmanagers en opleiders, zodat zij Gen Z-medewerkers beter kunnen ondersteunen en hun betrokkenheid en retentie binnen de sector kunnen verbeteren.
