Failure is a popular topic of research. It has long been a source of study in fields such as sociology and anthropology, science and technology studies, privacy and surveillance, cultural, feminist and media studies, art, theatre, film, and political science. When things go awry, breakdown, or rupture they lead to valuable insights into the mundane mechanisms of social worlds. Yet, while failure is a familiar topic of research, failure in and as a tactic of research is far less visible, valued, and explored.In this book the authors reflect upon the role of creative interventions as a critical mode for methods, research techniques, fieldwork, and knowledge transmission or impact. Here, failure is considered a productive part of engaging with and in the field. It is about acknowledging the ‘mess’ of the social and how we need methods, modes of attunement, and knowledge translation that address this complexity in nuanced ways. In this collection, interdisciplinary researchers and practitioners share their practices, insights, and challenges around rethinking failure beyond normalized tropes. What does failure mean? What does it do? What does putting failure under the microscope do to our assumptions around ontology and epistemologies? How can it be deployed to challenge norms in a time of great uncertainty, crisis, and anxiety? And what are some of the ways resilience and failure are interrelated?
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After the violent disintegration of Yugoslavia, a flourishing cultural scene was established in Croatia’s capital Zagreb. The scene calls itself: independent culture. In this book, Sepp Eckenhaussen explores the history of Zagreb’s independent culture through three questions: How were independent cultures born? To whom do they belong? And what is the independence in independent culture? The result is a genealogy, a personal travel log, a mapping of cores of criticality, a search for futurologies, and a theory of the scene.Once again, it turns out that localist perspectives have become urgent to culture. The untranslatability of the local term ‘independent culture’ makes it hard for the outsider to get a thorough understanding of it. But it also makes the term into a crystal of significance and a catalyst of meaning-making towards a theory of independent culture.
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Background Variations in childbirth interventions may indicate inappropriate use. Most variation studies are limited by the lack of adjustments for maternal characteristics and do not investigate variations in adverse outcomes. This study aims to explore regional variations in the Netherlands and their correlations with referral rates, birthplace, interventions, and adverse outcomes, adjusted for maternal characteristics. Methods In this nationwide retrospective cohort study, using a national data register, intervention rates were analysed between twelve regions among single childbirths after 37 weeks’ gestation in 2010–2013 (n = 614,730). These were adjusted for maternal characteristics using multivariable logistic regression. Primary outcomes were intrapartum referral, birthplace, and interventions used in midwife- and obstetrician-led care. Correlations both between primary outcomes and between adverse outcomes were calculated with Spearman’s rank correlations. Findings Intrapartum referral rates varied between 55–68% (nulliparous) and 20–32% (multiparous women), with a negative correlation with receiving midwife-led care at the onset of labour in two-thirds of the regions. Regions with higher referral rates had higher rates of severe postpartum haemorrhages. Rates of home birth varied between 6–16% (nulliparous) and 16–31% (multiparous), and was negatively correlated with episiotomy and postpartum oxytocin rates. Among midwife-led births, episiotomy rates varied between 14–42% (nulliparous) and 3–13% (multiparous) and in obstetrician-led births from 46–67% and 14–28% respectively. Rates of postpartum oxytocin varied between 59–88% (nulliparous) and 50–85% (multiparous) and artificial rupture of membranes between 43–52% and 54–61% respectively. A north-south gradient was visible with regard to birthplace, episiotomy, and oxytocin. Conclusions Our study suggests that attitudes towards interventions vary, independent of maternal characteristics. Care providers and policy makers need to be aware of reducing unwarranted variation in birthplace, episiotomy and the postpartum use of oxytocin. Further research is needed to identify explanations and explore ways to reduce unwarranted intervention rates.
Bij veel (sport)blessures en orthopedische aandoeningen, zoals voorste kruisband (VKB-) rupturen en enkelfracturen, moeten patiënten na een operatieve ingreep een lang revalidatietraject ondergaan. Fysiotherapeuten, (mentale) coaches, inspanningsfysiologen en orthopedisch chirurgen constateren dat patiënten ondanks goede begeleiding veelal hun fysieke niveau van voor de blessure niet meer bereiken. Om kwalitatief betere zorg te kunnen bieden, willen deze professionals meer inzicht krijgen in het individuele herstel. Door een combinatie van lichamelijke en psychologische parameters intensief te monitoren, denken zij namelijk eerder de therapie aan te kunnen passen op (on)gewenste veranderingen in het beloop van herstel. De zorgprofessionals hebben echter onvoldoende tijd en mogelijkheden om patiënten intensief te monitoren. Bovendien denken zij het herstel verder te kunnen ondersteunen door patiënten zelf te laten meten omdat patiënten meer verantwoordelijkheid voor hun gezondheid nemen indien zij toegang krijgen tot hun eigen data. De zorgprofessionals vragen zich daarom af hoe zij een zelf-monitoringsysteem voor orthopedische patiënten kunnen inrichten, dat hen in staat stelt therapie op maat te geven gedurende het totale revalidatieproces (casus VKB-reconstructies). Centrale onderzoeksvraag is: Welke kennis en vaardigheden hebben zorgprofessionals en patiënten na een VKB-reconstructie nodig om een zelf-monitoringsysteem slim toe te kunnen passen in de zorgpraktijk? Deze onderzoeksvraag kent de volgende deelvragen: A. Hoe moet een zelf-monitoringsysteem volgens zorgprofessionals, technici/ontwerpers en patiënten worden ingericht en gebruikers getraind om de patiënten na een VKB-reconstructie in staat te stellen een kernset van lichamelijke en psychologische parameters zelfstandig te verzamelen en te delen? B. Hoe wordt het zelf-monitoringsysteem door zorgprofessionals en patiënten na een VKB-reconstructie in de praktijk gebruikt en hoe staat het gebruik in relatie tot herstel? C. Wat zijn de ervaringen van zowel de zorgprofessionals als patiënten na een VKB-reconstructie met het zelf-monitoringsysteem en wat zijn de belemmerende en/of bevorderende factoren bij het gebruik van het zelf-monitoringsysteem voor het revalidatietraject?
