The influence of a person’s environment and its modifying potential on participation is well recognized for most childhood disabilities, but scarcely studied for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A scoping review was conducted, the aim of which was to map the existing literature about supporting and hindering environments for the participation of adolescents with ASD. Sources of scientific evidence were searched for in four databases. Inclusion criteria were the perspectives of adolescents between 12 and 21, families, peers, or significant others; ecologic validity; and a clear connection between environment and participation. The publication dates ranged from 2001 to 2014 and partly up to 2018. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) served as the guiding framework for inclusion/exclusion during the selection process. Thematic analysis was performed by five independent reviewers. Results were additionally validated by stakeholders. This scoping review identified 5528 articles, and finally included 31 studies. Two main themes were found: “providing security” indicates how the environment, and specifically the parental, physical, and informational environments, have a securing or intimidating effect. The second theme, “helping to connect”, indicates which environments support or hinder social relationships or social activities, and hence participation. An additional third main theme, “tension in participation”, relates to ambiguities that seem essential to understand participation or isolation of adolescents with ASD. Results show that participation is a value-laden concept. This research widens the field of dealing with adolescents with ASD, as it directs attention towards the responsibility of the environment regarding participation.
This scoping review focuses on the views of informal caregivers regarding the division of care responsibilities between citizens, governments and professionals and the question of to what extent professionals take these views into account during collaboration with them. In Europe, the normative discourse on informal care has changed. Retreating governments and decreasing residential care increase the need to enhance the collaborationbetween informal caregivers and professionals. Professionals are assumedto adequately address the needs and wishes of informal caregivers, but little is known about informal caregivers’ views on the division of care responsibilities. We performed a scoping review and searched for relevant studies published between 2000 and September 1, 2016 in seven databases. Thirteen papers were included, all published in Western countries. Most included papers described research with a qualitative research design. Based on the opinion of informal caregivers, we conclude that professionals do not seem to explicitly take into account the views of informal caregivers about the division of responsibilities during their collaboration with them. Roles of the informal caregivers and professionals are not always discussed and the division of responsibilities sometimes seems unclear. Acknowledging the role and expertise of informalcaregivers seems to facilitate good collaboration, as well as attitudes such as professionals being open and honest, proactive and compassionate. Inflexible structures and services hinder good collaboration. Asking informal caregivers what their opinion is about the division of responsibilities could improve clarity about the care that is given by both informal caregivers and professionals and could improve their collaboration. Educational programs in social work, health and allied health professions should put more emphasis on this specific characteristic of collaboration.
Older people today are more likely to age in their own private living environment. However, many face declining health and/or other issues that affect their ability to live independently and necessitate additional support. Such support can be provided by formal networks, but a considerable part can also be offered by informal networks of older people themselves. Going beyond these networks, older people can additionally and perhaps even more substantially benefit from vital communities. Nevertheless, even though this term is increasingly common in the literature, its meaning remains indistinct. A more thorough understanding of this concept might provide valuable knowledge that health care professionals, researchers and community workers can use to offer meaningful and effective support. The purpose of this paper is to draw on existing empirical research on vital communities to build knowledge of the different descriptions and dimensions of the concept. Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review methodology was adopted. Our search, conducted on 23 March 2020 and updated on 06 January 2021, yielded 4433 articles, of which six articles were included in the scoping review. We deduced that the conceptualisation of a vital community is based on three dimensions: the aim of a vital community, the processes behind a vital community and the typical characteristics of a vital community. None of the selected studies have mapped all three dimensions. Nevertheless, we assume that understanding all three matters when vital communities aim to contribute to the quality of life of people ageing in place.
Begin 2022 heeft het Kenniscentrum Sociale Innovatie een drietal brainstormbijeenkomsten georganiseerd met experts op het gebied van ervaringsdeskundigheid. Aan deze bijeenkomsten namen o.a. hoogleraren, onderzoekers, ervaringsdeskundige beleidsmedewerkers en zorgverzekeraar deel. Uit deze bijeenkomsten volgde de concrete opdracht om literatuuronderzoek te doen naar de evidentie van ervaringsdeskundigheid (waarde, effect en werkzame elementen).Doel Zicht krijgen op de evidentie van ervaringsdeskundigheid in diverse contexten middels een scoping review. Resultaten Overzicht over bestaande evidentie van ervaringsdeskundigheid beschreven in een publicatie. Looptijd 01 mei 2022 - 01 december 2022 Aanpak Er zal literatuuronderzoek in de vorm van een scoping review worden uitgevoerd. Samenwerking met kennispartners Movisie Lectoraat GGZ en Samenleving van het Windesheim Trimbos InBegrepen
Begin 2022 heeft het Kenniscentrum Sociale Innovatie een drietal brainstormbijeenkomsten georganiseerd met experts op het gebied van ervaringsdeskundigheid. Aan deze bijeenkomsten namen o.a. hoogleraren, onderzoekers, ervaringsdeskundige beleidsmedewerkers en zorgverzekeraar deel. Uit deze bijeenkomsten volgde de concrete opdracht om literatuuronderzoek te doen naar de evidentie van ervaringsdeskundigheid (waarde, effect en werkzame elementen).
Al op jonge leeftijd herkennen kinderen verschillen tussen mensen, vanaf de kleuterleeftijd beginnen ze daar ook oordelen aan te koppelen. Juist daarom is het belangrijk dat kinderen op de basisschool begeleid worden in het bespreken en verkennen van verschil. Die opdracht voor scholen wordt versterkt door de recent aangescherpte wettelijke kaders voor het burgerschapsonderwijs, wat ‘kennis over’ en ‘respect voor’ een breed scala aan maatschappelijk relevante verschillen voorschrijft als leerdoel. Hoewel leerkrachten en schoolleiders dit leerdoel over het algemeen lijken te onderschrijven, is er sprake van handelingsverlegenheid mede door een gebrek aan zicht op geschikte onderwijsmethoden voor de doelgroep. Dat geldt in het bijzonder voor verschil in afkomst, levensbeschouwing en seksuele oriëntatie. Binnen dit project is het doel om op basis van wetenschappelijke literatuur een praktisch bruikbaar overzicht te ontwikkelen van onderwijsmethoden om de genoemde verschillen met leerlingen te bespreken en te verkennen. Om goed aan te kunnen sluiten bij de leeftijd en behoeften van leerlingen, zullen aan het overzicht ook methoden om de houdingen van leerlingen rondom deze verschillen in kaart te brengen worden toegevoegd. De bruikbaarheid van het ontwikkelde overzicht zal zowel op de Pabo als op twee basisscholen worden getoetst. Het project is een samenwerking tussen het Lectoraat Burgerschapsonderwijs, de Pabo, twee Amsterdamse basisscholen, Bureau Common Ground (CG) en de Universiteit Utrecht.
