Demand Conference Lancaster 2016Workshop 9. Space, site and scale in the making of energy demandAbstract: Energy scripts and spacesTineke van der Schoor, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, GroningenTechnology is infused with scripts that indicate how we as users should behave around, live in or use an artefact. Drawing inspiration from literature discussing user scripts and gender scripts, we develop the notion of energy scripts. We tentatively define the concept of energy scripts as the way the distribution of light, heat and power within a building choreographs its functional use and stimulates or discourages energy use. We apply this concept to buildings, to analyse if and how the energy demand of buildings is choreographed by architectural design.In the literature, scripts are also investigated in a normative setting. Designers, such as engineers or architects, embed their worldviews into artefacts thus providing an opportunity where scripts ‘materialize morality’. However, users are not necessarily the passive receptacles of these embedded scripts; they have opportunities to ignore, resist or even redesign built artefacts.In European architectural design, it can be seen in the middle ages that the situation of rooms was such that important functions –such as writing manuscripts - could profit from heat produced in the kitchen. Moreover, the distribution of warmth followed the division of labour and class lines, as servant’s quarters were unheated. Modern houses also have energy-scripts, for example kitchens are designed for housing separate appliances, instead of using cool storage. The use of technology for heating and lighting is ubiquitous in modern buildings, while the need to reduce energy demand often leads to the installation of even more technology, smart or otherwise. On the other hand, ‘passive design’ demonstrates that it isquite possible to design buildings that need almost no energy for heating. Furthermore, new ‘daylighting’ technologies bring natural light to the darkest spaces. Historically, there have been ‘paths not taken’, which could have led to a less energy demanding built environment. Retracing these paths can lead to new perspectives on building design and retrofit.Researching the concept of energy-scripts we contribute to our understanding of the constraints and flexibilities for reduced energy demand in buildings. Our approach also sheds light on the social construction of the ‘resident’ or ’house consumer’ as an end-user. Investigating implicit expectations regarding energy use, which could ultimately assist in designing building scripts that specifically invite energy efficient use of a building.
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AimsTo explore the possible extension of the illness script theory used in medicine to the nursing context.DesignA qualitative interview study.MethodsThe study was conducted between September 2019 and March 2020. Expert nurses were asked to think aloud about 20 patient problems in nursing. A directed content analysis approach including quantitative data processing was used to analyse the transcribed data.ResultsThrough the analysis of 3912 statements, scripts were identified and a nursing script model is proposed; the medical illness script, including enabling conditions, fault and consequences, is extended with management, boundary, impact, occurrence and explicative statements. Nurses often used explicative statements when pathophysiological causes are absent or unknown. To explore the applicability of Illness script theory we analysed scripts’ richness and maturity with descriptive statistics. Expert nurses, like medical experts, had rich knowledge of consequences, explicative statements and management of familiar patient problems.ConclusionThe knowledge of expert nurses about patient problems can be described in scripts; the components of medical illness scripts are also relevant in nursing. We propose to extend the original illness script concept with management, explicative statements, boundary, impact and occurrence, to enlarge the applicability of illness scripts in the nursing domain.ImpactIllness scripts guide clinical reasoning in patient care. Insights into illness scripts of nursing experts is a necessary first step to develop goals or guidelines for student nurses’ development of clinical reasoning. It might lay the groundwork for future educational strategies.
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The ambition of a transition to a sustainable society brings forth the dual challenge to preserve historical buildings and simultaneously improve the energy performance of our built environment. While engineers claim that a dramatic reduction of energy use in the built environment is feasible, it has proven to be a difficult and twisting road.In this paper we focus on historical buildings, where difficulties of energy reduction are paramount, as such buildings provide local identity and a connection to our past. It is a EU policy objective to conserve and redesign heritage buildings like prisons, military barracks, factories, stations, and schools. Such redesign should also ensure reduction of energy use without compromising historical identity. In this paper we conceptually and empirically investigate how the two conflicting aspirations unfold. In particular we elaborate the obduracy and scripts of buildings, to clarify how they resist change and invite a specific use. We analyse the tensions between identity and energy conservation in a case study of a restoration project in Franeker. This buildinghas recently undergone a restoration, with energy efficiency as one of its goals.Scripts and networks are traced by a combination of methods, such as studyinglayout, materials and building history, and qualitative interviews with restoration architects and users. We identified three types of strategies to conserve identity and energy: design strategies; identity strategies and network strategies. Such strategies are also relevant for other efforts where conservation and innovation have to be reconciled.
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Deze popup-up aanvraag richt zich op (a) wetenschappelijk onderzoek naar de potentie en mogelijkheden voor opschaling van Mobility as a Service (MaaS) platformen, (b) organisatie en ontwikkeling van een generiek MaaS platform en (c) kennisoverdracht tussen SURF en het IMS. Het doel van het wetenschappelijk onderzoek behelst ex-ante en ex post onderzoek naar verschillende voorkeuren van gebruikers en niet-gebruikers van verschillende mobiliteitsdiensten (ridesharing, car sharing, bike sharing) in Strijp-S in Eindhoven en het Paleiskwartier in ‘s-Hertogenbosch. Het gaat om het in kaart brengen van voorkeuren en barrières voorafgaand aan de start van de MaaS pilots (nulmetig) en na afloop van de pilots (1-meting). De MaaS pilots in Strijp-S en het Paleiskwartier hebben vergelijkbare doelen, maar betreffen verschillende gebieden met sterk verschillende doelgroepen voor de introductie van MaaS. Strijp-S bevat veel jongeren, creatieven en start-ups, creatieven. Het Paleiskwartier in ‘s-Hertogenbosch is een demografisch gemengde wijk met enkele hbo-onderwijsinstellingen en een mix aan kleine en grote bedrijven (zoals het Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis). Daarnaast gaan we in het Paleiskwartier onderzoeken of gamificatie-strategieën kunnen helpen bij het bereiken van potentiele gebruikersgroepen (bewoners, bedrijven, bezoekers, studenten). Gamificatie is nog niet eerder toegepast in een MaaS platform. Dit voorstel brengt een verbinding en maakt samenwerking mogelijk tussen het SURF SCRIPTS project en het Innovatieprogramma Mobiele Stad (IMS).
In het deel van het SCRIPTS-project (438-15-184-SIA ) dat door de HAN is uitgevoerd zijn 4 soorten kennis opgeleverd: Kenmerkende elementen van het MaaS-concept, inzichten rondom reizigersbehoeften, online interactie met de reiziger en samenwerking tussen de betrokken partijen (zie ook outputlijst). In de monitoring van de drie praktijkpilots bleek de samenwerking tussen de publieke en private partijen één van de belangrijkste dragende onderdelen om een MaaS op te kunnen starten. Bij de monitoring van de samenwerking maakten vele spanningen zichtbaar dat business as usual niet meer volstaat in deze innovatieve pilots. De wijze van omgang met deze spanningen bleek daarmee een kritische succesfactor te zijn voor het welslagen van te ontwikkelen MaaS-activiteiten. De kennis die is opgedaan over dit onderwerp is rijk en interessant voor zowel MaaS-betrokkenen als ook professionals in meer brede zin (beleidsadviseurs, projectleiders etc.) die te maken hebben met publiek-private samenwerkingen in innovatieve omgevingen. In SCRIPTS heeft de focus gelegen op het opleveren van onderzoeksrapportages. De resultaten over Samenwerken-in-innovatieve-context zijn hierin ook verwerkt. Bij het presenteren van de onderzoeksresultaten hebben we gemerkt dat een actieve overdracht van kennis rond samenwerking in een innovatieve context meer impact heeft. Daarom is op basis van de eerste SCRIPTS pilot een concept uitgewerkt van een spel waarmee stakeholders kunnen ervaren welke typische dilemma’s in een innovatieve omgeving zich kunnen voordoen en in een veilige omgeving kunnen uitproberen hoe deze dilemma’s aan te pakken. Dit concept spel ter bevordering van samenwerking: het “Samenwerkingspel” is al gespeeld in een workshop voor een afdeling beleidsmedewerkers van een grote gemeente. Deze TopUp is nodig om: - Naast het onderzoeksresultaat van de eerste SCRIPTS pilot ook de onderzoeksresultaten van de twee andere SCRIPTS pilots te verwerken in het Samenwerkingspel. - Het samenwerkingspel inzetbaar maken voor zowel MaaS-betrokkenen als voor professionals in brede zin die ook in innovatieve complexe situaties samenwerken en schuring ervaren. - Het concept Samenwerkingspel 0.1 te testen en door te ontwikkelen naar een uitgewerkte versie (1.0) die breed inzetbaar is bij innovatieve trajecten met een publiek-private samenwerking. Dit spel wordt aangevuld met een informatiepakket bestaande uit spelregels en duiding van de complexe context.
MSEs have encountered limitations while pushing the limits of catheter tip sensors performance. The limitations summarized: - sensors are not immune to electrical signal noise, cross talk, and EM fields; - sensors are not immune to high magnetic fields, i.e. not suitable for MR imaging; - extending the amount of sensors on the catheter tip is limited due to cluttering of wires. A fundamentally different approach using integrated optics is chosen for developing a new generation catheter sensors. The complexity of the design and production problems represents a knowledge gap, that can be bridged in the proposed consortium. This project consists of four work packages, total duration two years, subdivided into four phases. A crucial deliverable of the project is presented at the end of phase IV (WP4), namely a demonstrator integrating pressure and temperature sensors (obtained from WP1) with a newly designed readout system. This system is modularly extendable for future catheter tip sensors. In WP1, pressure- and temperature sensors are developed using two design approaches. In WP2 the influence of downscaling an ultrasound MZI device is explored and the microfabrication process parameters are studied. An additional goal of WP2 is to find the most suitable method for measuring lactate concentration. Among the deliverables five manuscripts: manuscript 1 includes simulations and measurements of the developed pressure and temperature sensors, manuscript 2 answers the question: can a grated fiber be used for measuring pressure and temperature on a tip? Manuscript 3 answers the question: which method is most suitable for measuring lactate concentration on a tip? Manuscript 4 answers the question: does a US intensity detector fit on a catheter tip while obeying the LoR? Manuscript 5 describes the performance of the demonstrator (Phase IV), i.e. integration of T/P sensing with a modular read out system.
