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In this dissertation Maarten ter Huurne investigates why users in the sharing economy trust each other.
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This study is the first to estimate the size of the informal tourism economy. Using a dynamic general equilibrium model, this paper first estimates the size of the informal tourism economy and then assesses its linkages to key labour market variables in Thailand. Empirical results indicate that: (a) the informal tourism economy grows faster than the formal tourism and aggregate economy; (b) both formal and informal tourism economies absorb the unemployed; (c) the relationship between formal and informal economies is negative in the aggregate but positive in the tourism sector.
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Digitalization is the core component of future development in the 4.0 industrial era. It represents a powerful mechanism for enhancing the sustainable competitiveness of economies worldwide. Diverse triggering effects shape future digitalization trends. Thus, the main research goal in this study is to use sustainable competitiveness pillars (such as social, economic, environmental and energy) to evaluate international digitalization development. The proposed empirical model generates comprehensive knowledge of the sustainable competitiveness-digitalization nexus. For that purpose, a nonlinear regression has been applied on gathered annual data that consist of 33 European countries, ranging from 2010 to 2016. The dataset has been deployed using Bernoulli’s binominal distribution to derive training and testing samples and the entire analysis has been adjusted in that context. The empirical findings of artificial neural networks (ANN) suggest strong effects of the economic and energy use indicators on the digitalization progress. Nonlinear regression and ANN model summary report valuable results with a high degree of coefficient of determination (R2>0.9 for all models). Research findings state that the digitalization process is multidimensional and cannot be evaluated as an isolated phenomenon without incorporating other relevant factors that emerge in the environment. Indicators report the consumption of electrical energy in industry and households and GDP per capita to achieve the strongest effect.
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This paper analyses the impact of two structural context factors on mathematics teacher students. First, the Netherlands is coping with a massive mathematics teacher shortage. Second, the Dutch knowledge-economy feeds the private tutoring sector. The impact on young teacher-students is tremendous; they start working as a teacher too early. Besides successful studying, broader professionalization and quality of mathematics education are in jeopardy. A quick-fix for mathematics education might do more damage than foreseen.
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IT organizations and CEO‟s are, and should be, concerned these days about the (lack of) data confidentiality and the usage of „shadow‟ IT systems by employees. Not only does the company risk monetary loss or public embarrassment, the senior management might also risk personal fines or even imprisonment. Several trends reinforce the attention for these subjects, including the fact that an increasing number of people perform parts of their work tasks from home (RSA, 2007) and the increasing bandwidth available to internet users which makes them rely on the Internet for satisfying their business and personal computing needs (Desisto et al. 2008). Employee compliance with the existing IT security policies is therefore essential. This paper presents a study on factors that influence non-compliance behavior of employees in organizations. The factors found in literature are tested in a survey study amongst employees of a big-four accountancy firm in the Netherlands and Belgium. The study concludes that stricter IT governance and cultural aspects are the most important factors influencing non-compliance behavior.
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Sociaal schaduwwerk heeft betrekking op een variant van informeel sociaal werk. Het gaat om het werk van actoren die geen deel uitmaken van het formele sociale landschap, maar die in de praktijk wel degelijk activiteiten ontwikkelen die overeenkomen met sociaal werk zoals dat internationaal is gedefinieerd. De toevoeging van de term ‘schaduw’ maakt dat het hier niet gaat om informele praktijken in brede zin. Het gaat specifiek om informeel sociaal werk dat buiten beeld van veel professionele instanties en de lokale overheid plaatsvindt. In het professionele– en overheidsdomein bestaat vaak onbekendheid met deze vorm van informeel sociaal werk. Dat komt omdat sociaal schaduwwerk wordt verricht door spelers waarvan de buitenwereld dit niet direct verwacht, omdat zij primair bekend staan om andere foci en functies. Spelers in het sociaal schaduwwerk zijn bijvoorbeeld burgerinitiatieven, etnisch/culturele zelforganisaties, levensbeschouwelijke organisaties of sociaal sportieve praktijken. In het formele domein is vaak sprake van wantrouwen en vooroordelen over de ondersteuning die in dit soort particuliere of informele settings wordt verleend. Vooral levensbeschouwelijke organisaties worden vanuit het formele domein en de bredere samenleving nogal eens door een integratielens beoordeeld. De vrees voor zogenaamde ‘parallelle samenlevingen’ of ‘gesloten bolwerken’ voedt het wantrouwen. Empirisch onderzoek – zowel in Nederland als daarbuiten- toont aan dat die vrees veelal ongegrond is.
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Lives of Data maps the historical and emergent dynamics of big data, computing, and society in India. Data infrastructures are now more global than ever before. In much of the world, new sociotechnical possibilities of big data and artificial intelligence are unfolding under the long shadows cast by infra/structural inequalities, colonialism, modernization, and national sovereignty. This book offers critical vantage points for looking at big data and its shadows, as they play out in uneven encounters of machinic and cultural relationalities of data in India’s socio-politically disparate and diverse contexts.Lives of Data emerged from research projects and workshops at the Sarai programme, Centre for the Study of Developing Societies. It brings together fifteen interdisciplinary scholars and practitioners to set up a collaborative research agenda on computational cultures. The essays offer wide-ranging analyses of media and techno-scientific trajectories of data analytics, disruptive formations of digital economy, and the grounded practices of data-driven governance in India. Encompassing history, anthropology, science and technology studies (STS), media studies, civic technology, data science, digital humanities, and journalism, the essays open up possibilities for a truly situated global and sociotechnically specific understanding of the many lives of data.
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Het delen van spullen en diensten tussen onbekenden is een groeiend fenomeen in onze consumptiemaatschappij. Dit fenomeen wordt ook wel de deeleconomie genoemd. Wat de deeleconomie zo interessant maakt is dat transacties worden uitgevoerd tussen mensen die elkaar niet kennen. Deze transacties kunnen echter grote risico’s met zich meebrengen, omdat wet- en regelgeving vaak afwezig is. Vertrouwen tussen consumenten is daarom van groot belang. Mijn onderzoek laat zien dat gebruikers in de deeleconomie elkaar vertrouwen door middel van vertrouwenssignalen die gelinkt zijn aan de context en de intrinsieke eigenschappen van de ander. Dit artikel wordt afgesloten met aanbevelingen voor de praktijk en theorie en suggesties voor toekomstig onderzoek.
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