This paper introduces the Internet-of-Things (IoT) and describes its evolution from a concept proposed by Kevin Ashton in 1999 through its public emergence in 2005 in a United Nations ITU report entitled “The Internet of Things”, to the present day where IoT devices are available as off-the-shelf products from major manufacturers. Using a systematic study of public literature, the paper presents a five-phase categorisation of the development of the Internet-of-Things from its beginnings to the present day. Four mini case studies are included to illustrate some of the issues involved. Finally, the paper discusses some of the big issues facing future developers and marketers of Internet-of-Things based products ranging from artificial intelligence (AI) through to customer privacy and acceptance finishing with an optimistic assessment of the future of the Internet-of-Things.
The Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) Challenge simulation platform helps planners and stakeholders understand and manage the complexity of MSP. In the interactive simulation, different data layers covering an entire sea region can be viewed to make an assessment of the current status. Users can create scenarios for future uses of the marine space over a period of several decades. Changes in energy infrastructure, shipping, and the marine environment are then simulated, and the effects are visualized using indicators and heat maps. The platform is built with advanced game technology and uses aspects of role-play to create interactive sessions; it can thus be referred to as serious gaming. To calculate and visualize the effects of planning decisions on the marine ecology, we integrated the Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) food web modeling approach into the platform. We demonstrate how EwE was connected to MSP, considering the range of constraints imposed by running scientific software in interactive serious gaming sessions while still providing cascading ecological feedback in response to planning actions. We explored the connection by adapting two published ecological models for use in MSP sessions. We conclude with lessons learned and identify future developments of the simulation platform.
MULTIFILE
Om de Haagse Hogeschool/TH Rijswijk en haar lectoren middels een boekje te presenteren, is daarom gekozen voor een typisch 'Haags' thema, namelijk 'burgerschap'; de ontwikkelingen, mogelijkheden, vraagstukken en oplossingen in de relatie tussen mensen en hun omgeving, hun overheid, in een grote stad als Den Haag. Alle lectoren is gevraagd een hoofdstuk te schrijven over dit thema. Het resultaat is bijeengebracht in deze bundel. De bijdragen zijn zeer uiteenlopend van karakter: variërend van columns of essays tot begripsmatige en theoretische beschouwingen of empirisch onderzoek. zij zijn geschreven als illustratie voor een breed publiek van datgene waarmee onze lectoren zich bezighouden: een illustratie, hoe sterk de Haagse Hogeschool/TH Rijswijk in open verbinding staat met de ontwikkelingen in haar omgeving.