While social robots bring new opportunities for education, they also come with moral challenges. Therefore, there is a need for moral guidelines for the responsible implementation of these robots. When developing such guidelines, it is important to include different stakeholder perspectives. Existing (qualitative) studies regarding these perspectives however mainly focus on single stakeholders. In this exploratory study, we examine and compare the attitudes of multiple stakeholders on the use of social robots in primary education, using a novel questionnaire that covers various aspects of moral issues mentioned in earlier studies. Furthermore, we also group the stakeholders based on similarities in attitudes and examine which socio-demographic characteristics influence these attitude types. Based on the results, we identify five distinct attitude profiles and show that the probability of belonging to a specific profile is affected by such characteristics as stakeholder type, age, education and income. Our results also indicate that social robots have the potential to be implemented in education in a morally responsible way that takes into account the attitudes of various stakeholders, although there are multiple moral issues that need to be addressed first. Finally, we present seven (practical) implications for a responsible application of social robots in education following from our results. These implications provide valuable insights into how social robots should be implemented
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Voor het eerst in vijftig jaar zijn er op de Nederlandse arbeidsmarkt meer vacatures dan werklozen [1]. Omdat de druk voor ondernemers hierdoor sterk toeneemt is het relevant om te kijken of robots een oplossing kunnen bieden. Uit ons eerdere blogartikel [2] kwam naar voren dat klanten robots vooral als aanvulling op het personeel zien. Ze achten robots het meest waardevol als deze voorraden checken, aanbiedingen communiceren en productinformatie geven. In deze blog gaan we meer in op de retailer en behandelen we kansen en randvoorwaarden voor de inzet van sociale robots in de modewinkel. Hierbij komen we tot vier inzichten.
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Young pediatric patients who undergo venipuncture or capillary blood sampling often experience high levels of pain and anxiety. This often results in distressed young patients and their parents, increased treatment times, and a higher workload for healthcare professionals. Social robots are a new and promising tool to mitigate children’s pain and anxiety. This study aims to purposefully design and test a social robot for mitigating stress and anxiety during blood draw of children. We first programmed a social robot based on the requirements expressed by experienced healthcare professionals during focus group sessions. Next, we designed a randomized controlled experiment in which the social robot was applied as a distraction method to measure its capacity to mitigate pain and anxiety in children during blood draw in a children’s hospital setting. Children who interacted with the robot showed significantly lower levels of anxiety before actual blood collection, compared to children who received regular medical treatment. Children in the middle classes of primary school (aged 6–9) seemed especially sensitive to the robot’s ability to mitigate pain and anxiety before blood draw. Children’s parents overall expressed strong positive attitudes toward the use and effectiveness of the social robot for mitigating pain and anxiety. The results of this study demonstrate that social robots can be considered a new and effective tool for lowering children’s anxiety prior to the distressing medical procedure of blood collection.
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Flying insects like dragonflies, flies, bumblebees are able to couple hovering ability with the ability for a quick transition to forward flight. Therefore, they inspire us to investigate the application of swarms of flapping-wing mini-drones in horticulture. The production and trading of agricultural/horticultural goods account for the 9% of the Dutch gross domestic product. A significant part of the horticultural products are grown in greenhouses whose extension is becoming larger year by year. Swarms of bio-inspired mini-drones can be used in applications such as monitoring and control: the analysis of the data collected enables the greenhouse growers to achieve the optimal conditions for the plants health and thus a high productivity. Moreover, the bio-inspired mini-drones can detect eventual pest onset at plant level that leads to a strong reduction of chemicals utilization and an improvement of the food quality. The realization of these mini-drones is a multidisciplinary challenge as it requires a cross-domain collaboration between biologists, entomologists and engineers with expertise in robotics, mechanics, aerodynamics, electronics, etc. Moreover a co-creation based collaboration will be established with all the stakeholders involved. With this approach we can integrate technical and social-economic aspects and facilitate the adoption of this new technology that will make the Dutch horticulture industry more resilient and sustainable.
Motivatie Het versterken van de samenwerking tussen relevante lectoraten door het ontwikkelen van een multidisciplinaire onderzoeksagenda op het terrein van Arbeid in de brede zin van het woord. Hierdoor kan de thematiek rondom toegang tot en behoud van arbeid vanuit meerdere kanten worden aangevlogen én kan focus en massa worden gecreëerd voor onderzoeksprogrammering en –funding. Daardoor kunnen we als lectoraten een belangrijke rol te spelen bij vraagstukken die betrekking hebben op het duurzaam (weer) aan het werk gaan én duurzaam aan het werk blijven. Achtergrond Om als individu zelfstandig en volwaardig te kunnen deelnemen aan onze participatiemaatschappij, is het hebben van werk cruciaal. Werk is echter voor mensen met minder of onvoldoende arbeids-, persoonlijk-, sociaal-, en cultureel kapitaal en/of toegang tot hulpbronnen steeds minder vanzelfsprekend. Naast traditioneel kwetsbare groepen – zoals laagopgeleiden, mensen met een chronische aandoening en migranten - zijn er nieuwe categorieën, waaronder veel middelbaar en hoog opgeleiden, voor wie het lastig is/wordt structureel betaald werk te vinden. De oorzaak ligt voornamelijk bij de toenemende digitalisering en robotisering in combinatie met de flexibilisering van de arbeidsmarkt. Ook werk op academisch niveau, dat gebaseerd is op regels, bijvoorbeeld accountancy en rechtspraak, zal steeds vaker (deels) geautomatiseerd kunnen worden (Est et al. 2015, Went et al. 2015). Anderzijds zijn er sectoren, zoals techniek en ICT, die een steeds grotere behoefte hebben aan hoogopgeleid personeel en waar het lastig is om voldoende gekwalificeerde mensen te krijgen. Tot slot zien we in alle sectoren een toename van stress- en burn-out klachten, die deels gerelateerd zijn aan traditionele, functioneel ingerichte organisaties. Het bovenstaande biedt geen rooskleurig beeld voor grote groepen in de samenleving en vanuit een breed Platform Arbeid willen we de thema’s op het terrein van arbeid vanuit meerdere perspectieven benaderen en in samenhang beschouwen.
In Amsterdam's neighbourhoods, much of the waste that is disposed has the potential of becoming something else by means of recycling or upcycling. Zero Waste lab –which is part of the organization De Gezonde Stad- is a place where inhabitants can bring their own separated waste in exchange for value coins. Now, Zero Waste Lab now wants to take this a step forward and further develop their own project: from recycling to upcycling waste. In this endeavour, HvA will collaborate by researching the possibilities for upcycling a local waste stream by means of digital production pro-cesses, as well as ways of involving the neighbourhood. Because it is of vital importance for the project not only to be technically possible, but also scalable and economically feasible, Zero Waste Lab and HvA have asked for partnership to the company Verdraaid Goed. This partnership and specific case study, presented here as ‘Wood for the neighborhood’ can be summa-rized in four main goals: • (Production) Explore the design and manufacturing possibilities of using digital production to upcycle a local wood waste stream (with an industrial robotic arm) • (Design) Show how explorative research, when carried on from the beginning of the de-sign process, can bring great added value to the development of project concepts. • (Social) Demonstrate that involving stakeholders early in the process of reusing and de-signing with waste materials can shape the future in new directions • (All three) Highlight how this case study is relevant and fits the principles of the circular economy
