This study focuses on teachers’ group decision making during Dutch allocation meetings. A previous interview study showed that teachers question the objectivity of decisions due to negative interaction experiences and a lack of structure during these meetings. To characterize the structure and interaction of these meetings, 33 student allocations were observed. Results showed a variety of structures and interactions, including differences in the degree to which the meetings met criteria relevant to achieving objective allocation decisions. It can be concluded that – based on the criteria of acceptance, fairness, and transparency as used in this study – allocation meetings need to be well-prepared and substantiated, to allow for every teacher’s opinion to be heard, and follow a procedure that is clear to everyone. In view of students’ future school careers, it is important to pay close attention to functional interaction and structured discussions that ensure transparent, acceptable and fair decision-making.
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Recent years have seen a massive growth in ethical and legal frameworks to govern data science practices. Yet one of the core questions associated with ethical and legal frameworks is the extent to which they are implemented in practice. A particularly interesting case in this context comes to public officials, for whom higher standards typically exist. We are thus trying to understand how ethical and legal frameworks influence the everyday practices on data and algorithms of public sector data professionals. The following paper looks at two cases: public sector data professionals (1) at municipalities in the Netherlands and (2) at the Netherlands Police. We compare these two cases based on an analytical research framework we develop in this article to help understanding of everyday professional practices. We conclude that there is a wide gap between legal and ethical governance rules and the everyday practices.
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Consumers currently place increasing importance on the values that companies represent. Modern values such as transparency, benevolence to society, sustainability and fairness are becoming more relevant, as noted by many major consulting firms among which are Nielsen (2013), the World Federation of Advertisers (2013) and the Boston Consultancy Group (2013). Modern values are grounded in social, political and economic developments and represent the new values of this era. As a consequence, a company’s value to consumers no longer has to lie solely in its products and services. This new, broader scope of value may include the entire business process and organizational culture, ranging from the management’s integrity to values being found in the company’s contributions to society. Although the role of values in human behaviour has been extensively discussed in the psychology literature since the beginning of the 1900s (e.g. Feather 1995; Hofstede 1980; Olson and Maio 2003; Rokeach 1973; Schwartz 2012), limited attention has been dedicated to values in marketing literature. This was the conclusion of a systematic literature review that we conducted on this subject (Voorn et al. 2016). As a follow-up, we organized an online survey (n = 1109) to empirically investigate the role of values in the brand selection process. In this paper, we report on the relationship between values and brand purchase intentions through the concept of value congruence and in relation to several product categories representing services, durables and consumables. Overall, the results confirm the relevance of value congruence as a predictor of brand purchase, in particular in services and durables. Our study shows that companies can benefit from incorporating values into their marketing strategies, especially those values that are congruent with (higher-order) personal goals, rather than more (instrumental) category-specific values. This offers new marketing perspectives, especially for brands. Brands are – by definition – more than just one product or service, which means they can serve as an umbrella for the incorporation and propagation of new values. However, an important question remains for the brand manager: the extent to which values have an advantage over brand personality traits and functional attributes, since investing in values is not only about communication – it means that an organization needs to embody them in the very fibre of its being; otherwise it may be perceived as ‘green washing’, which can undermine brand trust.
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Moderatie van lezersreacties onder nieuwsartikelen is erg arbeidsintensief. Met behulp van kunstmatige intelligentie wordt moderatie mogelijk tegen een redelijke prijs. Aangezien elke toepassing van kunstmatige intelligentie eerlijk en transparant moet zijn, is het belangrijk om te onderzoeken hoe media hieraan kunnen voldoen.
Moderatie van lezersreacties onder nieuwsartikelen is erg arbeidsintensief. Met behulp van kunstmatige intelligentie wordt moderatie mogelijk tegen een redelijke prijs. Aangezien elke toepassing van kunstmatige intelligentie eerlijk en transparant moet zijn, is het belangrijk om te onderzoeken hoe media hieraan kunnen voldoen.Doel Dit promotieproject zal zich richten op de rechtvaardigheid, accountability en transparantie van algoritmische systemen voor het modereren van lezersreacties. Het biedt een theoretisch kader en bruikbare matregelen die nieuwsorganisaties zullen ondersteunen in het naleven van recente beleidsvorming voor een waardegedreven implementatie van AI. Nu steeds meer nieuwsmedia AI gaan gebruiken, moeten ze rechtvaardigheid, accountability en transparantie in hun gebruik van algoritmen meenemen in hun werkwijzen. Resultaten Hoewel moderatie met AI zeer aantrekkelijk is vanuit economisch oogpunt, moeten nieuwsmedia weten hoe ze onnauwkeurigheid en bias kunnen verminderen (fairness), de werking van hun AI bekendmaken (accountability) en de gebruikers laten begrijpen hoe beslissingen via AI worden genomen (transparancy). Dit proefschrift bevordert de kennis over deze onderwerpen. Looptijd 01 februari 2022 - 01 februari 2025 Aanpak De centrale onderzoeksvraag van dit promotieonderzoek is: Hoe kunnen en moeten nieuwsmedia rechtvaardigheid, accountability en transparantie in hun gebruik van algoritmes voor commentmoderatie? Om deze vraag te beantwoorden is het onderzoek opgesplitst in vier deelvragen. Hoe gebruiken nieuwsmedia algoritmes voor het modereren van reacties? Wat kunnen nieuwsmedia doen om onnauwkeurigheid en bias bij het modereren via AI van reacties te verminderen? Wat moeten nieuwsmedia bekendmaken over hun gebruik van moderatie via AI? Wat maakt uitleg van moderatie via AI begrijpelijk voor gebruikers van verschillende niveaus van digitale competentie?
