The aim of this research is to explore the potential of Mixed Reality (MR) technologies for Operator Support in order to progress towards Industry 4.0 (I4.0) particularly for SMEs. Through a series of interventions and interviews conducted with local SMEs, potential use cases and their drawbacks have been identified. From this, insights were derived that serve as a starting point for conducting further experiments with MR technology in the smart manufacturing laboratory at the THUAS in Delft. The intervention consisted of a free form workshop in which the participants get ‘tinkering’ time to explore MR in their own work environment. The various levels of awareness were assessed in three stages: during an introductory interview, and after an instruction meeting and some ‘tinkering’. The study took place in the period from January 2022 to July 2022 with 10 local SMEs in the Netherlands. The results show that for all SMEs the awareness and understanding increased. The use cases identified by operators themselves concerned Quality Control, Diagnostics, Instruction, Specification and Improvement of Operations. Drawbacks foreseen related to Ergonomic Concerns, Resistance from operators, Technical considerations, Unavailability of MR device and an insufficient digital infrastructure to support MR in full extent. The use case most promising to the participants was further developed into a physical prototype for an ‘assisted assembly cell’ by which the aspects of ergonomics and the mentioned technical considerations could be analysed.
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One aspect of a responsible application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is ensuring that the operation and outputs of an AI system are understandable for non-technical users, who need to consider its recommendations in their decision making. The importance of explainable AI (XAI) is widely acknowledged; however, its practical implementation is not straightforward. In particular, it is still unclear what the requirements are of non-technical users from explanations, i.e. what makes an explanation meaningful. In this paper, we synthesize insights on meaningful explanations from a literature study and two use cases in the financial sector. We identified 30 components of meaningfulness in XAI literature. In addition, we report three themes associated with explanation needs that were central to the users in our use cases, but are not prominently described in literature: actionability, coherent narratives and context. Our results highlight the importance of narrowing the gap between theoretical and applied responsible AI.
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One aspect of a responsible application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is ensuring that the operation and outputs of an AI system are understandable for non-technical users, who need to consider its recommendations in their decision making. The importance of explainable AI (XAI) is widely acknowledged; however, its practical implementation is not straightforward. In particular, it is still unclear what the requirements are of non-technical users from explanations, i.e. what makes an explanation meaningful. In this paper, we synthesize insights on meaningful explanations from a literature study and two use cases in the financial sector. We identified 30 components of meaningfulness in XAI literature. In addition, we report three themes associated with explanation needs that were central to the users in our use cases, but are not prominently described in literature: actionability, coherent narratives and context. Our results highlight the importance of narrowing the gap between theoretical and applied responsible AI.
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People tend to use the same door every time they enter and exit a building. When certainentrances are widely preferred over others, congestion can occur. This paper describes twointerventions to persuade visitors to use another entrance. The first intervention used sensory deprivation (darkness), and the second used guidance paths. The first intervention on sensory deprivation had the expected outcome. This intervention resulted in an avoidance of the darkened door. The second intervention had a result contrary to the expectations; it resulted in an increased preference for the door without guidance paths.
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Het is inmiddels breed geaccepteerd dat beslissingen die door AI-systemen worden genomen, uitlegbaar moeten zijn aan hun gebruikers. Toch blijft het in de praktijk vaak onduidelijk hoe die uitlegbaarheid concreet vorm moet krijgen. Vooral voor niet-technische gebruikers, zoals scha-debeoordelaars bij verzekeringsmaatschappijen, is het essentieel dat zij de beslissingen van een AI-systeem goed kunnen begrijpen én kunnen uitleggen aan klanten. Denk bijvoorbeeld aan het toelichten van een afgewezen schadeclaim of leningaanvraag. Hoewel het belang van verklaarbare AI algemeen wordt erkend, ontbreekt het vaak aan praktische handvatten om dit te realiseren. Daarom hebben we in deze handreiking inzichten samengebracht uit twee use cases binnen de financiële sector én uit een uitgebreide literatuurstudie. Hieruit zijn 30 aspecten van betekenisvolle uitleg van AI voortgekomen. Op basis van deze aspecten is een checklist ontwikkeld die AI-ontwikkelaars helpt om hun systemen beter uitlegbaar te maken. De checklist biedt niet alleen inzicht in hoeverre een AI-toe-passing op dit moment begrijpelijk is voor eindgebruikers, maar maakt ook duidelijk waar nog verbeterpunten liggen.
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THE USE OF MODERN METHODS AND ADVANCED TECHNIQUES FOR A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE FRONTIER DEVELOPMENT
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Abstract: Technological innovation in the healthcare sector is increasing, but integration of information technology (IT) in the care process is difficult. Healthcare workers are important agents in this IT integration. The purpose of this study is to explore factors that feed motivation to use IT. Self-determination theory (SDT) is applied to study how motivational factors impact effective IT use among frontline caregivers in residential care settings. As the team is very important to these caregivers, the team is our unit of analysis. In an embedded single case study design, interviews were conducted with all nine members of a team effectively using IT. All three basic psychological needs from SDT - autonomy, competence and relatedness - were found to have impact on effective IT use, though autonomy was primarily experienced at team level. Conversely, the effective use of an IT collaboration tool influences relatedness.
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Smart glasses were perceived to be potentially revolutionary for healthcare, however, there is only limited research on the acceptance and social implications of smart glasses in healthcare. This study aims to get a better insight into the theoretical foundations and the purpose was to identify themes regarding adoption, mediation, and the use of smart glasses from the perspective of healthcare professionals. A qualitative research design with focus groups was used to collect data. Three focus groups with 22 participants were conducted. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Our analysis revealed six overarching themes related to the anticipated adoption of smart glasses: knowledge, innovativeness, use cases, ethical issues, persuasion, and attitude. Nine themes were found related to anticipated mediation and use of smart glasses: attention, emotions, social influences, design, context, camera use, risks, comparisons to known products, and expected reaction and might influence the acceptance of smart glasses.
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Smart glasses were perceived to be potentially revolutionary for healthcare, however, there is only limited research on the acceptance and social implications of smart glasses in healthcare. This study aims to get a better insight into the theoretical foundations and the purpose was to identify themes regarding adoption, mediation, and the use of smart glasses from the perspective of healthcare professionals. A qualitative research design with focus groups was used to collect data. Three focus groups with 22 participants were conducted. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Our analysis revealed six overarching themes related to the anticipated adoption of smart glasses: knowledge, innovativeness, use cases, ethical issues, persuasion, and attitude. Nine themes were found related to anticipated mediation and use of smart glasses: attention, emotions, social influences, design, context, camera use, risks, comparisons to known products, and expected reaction and might influence the acceptance of smart glasses.
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