In this paper we propose a novel approach for validating a simulation model for a passengers' airport terminal. The validation approach is based on a "historical data" and "model-to-model" validation approach, and the novelty is represented by the fact that the model used as comparison uses historical data from different data sources and technologies. The proposed validation approach , which is presented as part of the IMHOTEP project, implements various data fusion and data analytics methods to generate the passenger "Activity-Travel-Diary", which is the model that is then compared with the results from the simulation model. The data used for developing the "Activity-Travel-Diary" comes from different sources and technologies such as: passengers data (personal mobile phone, apps), airport data (airport Wi-Fi, GPS, scanning facilities), and flight Information (flight schedules, gate allocation etc.). The simulation model is based on an agent-based simulation paradigm and includes all the passengers flows and operations within a terminal airport. The proposed validation approach is implemented in a real-life case study, Palma de Mallorca Airport, and preliminary results of the validation (calibration) process of the simulation model are presented.
Adequate gross motor skills are an essential aspect of a child’s healthy development. Where physical education (PE) is part of the primary school curriculum, a strong curriculum-based emphasis on evaluation and support of motor skill development in PE is apparent. Monitoring motor development is then a task for the PE teacher. To fulfill this task, teachers need adequate tools. The 4-Skills Scan is a quick and easily manage- able gross motor skill instrument; however, its validity has never been assessed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the construct and concurrent validity of both 4-Skills Scans (version 2007 and version 2015). A total of 212 primary school children (6-12 years old) was requested to participate in both versions of the 4-Skills Scan. For assessing construct validity, children covered an obstacle course with video recordings for observation by an expert panel. For concurrent validity, a comparison was made with the M-ABC-2, by calculating Pearson correlations. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to determine the contribution of each subscale to the construct of gross motor skills, according to the M-ABC-2 and the expert panel. Correlations between the 4-Skills Scans and expert valuations were moderate, with coefficients of .47 (version 2007) and .46 (version 2015). Correlations between the 4-Skills Scans and the M-ABC-2 (gross) were moderate (.56) for version 2007 and high (.64) for version 2015. It is concluded that both versions of the 4-Skills Scans are satis- factory valid instruments for assessing gross motor skills during PE lessons.
Het gezamenlijk oplossen van wiskundige problemen creëert de gelegenheid voor leerlingen om te leren redeneren. Doordat leerlingen aan elkaar uitleg geven, worden ze bewust van bestaande kennis en mogelijke misconcepties en kunnen ze daardoor eigen kennis aanpassen en aanvullen. Leerlingen kunnen elkaar ook helpen om uitspraken en aangedragen resultaten te verbeteren met wiskundige betekenis en richting wiskundig redeneren (Dekker, Elshout-Mohr, & Wood, 2006). Bij het oplossen van schooltaken omvat wiskundig redeneren cognitieve activiteiten zoals het herroepen van kennis, verbindingen maken tussen begrippen, wiskundige representaties gebruiken, generaliseren van concrete situaties en conclusies trekken op basis van wiskundige eigenschappen (Lithner, 2008; Schoenfeld, 1992). Veel onderzoek naar gezamenlijk redeneren betreft de manier waarop leerlingen op elkaars ideeën voortbouwen maar er is weinig bekend over hoe leerlingen deze ideeën valideren (Francisco, 2013). Het doel van dit onderzoek is meer inzicht krijgen in dit proces. Validatieprocessen bij wiskunde zijn voornamelijk onderzocht in de context van wiskundige bewijzen (Selden & Selden, 2003) en betreffen een zekere vorm van evaluatie zoals het beoordelen van wat goed is of fout, gevoelens van onzekerheid, twijfel en ondervraging van gezag. In deze studie breiden we deze definitie uit naar redenering in een collaboratieve setting en exploreren we hoe dit proces verloopt binnen een groep leerlingen zonder toezicht van de docent
