Intelligent environments can offer support to people with early-stage dementia, who often experience problems with maintaining their circadian rhythm. The focus of this work is developing a prototype of an Intelligent Environment for assisting these people with their daily rhythm while living independently at home. Following the four phases of the Empathic Design Framework (Explore, Translate, Process, and Validate), the needs of people with dementia and their caregivers were incorporated into the design. In the exploration phase, a need assessment took place using focus groups (N=12), observations (N=10), and expert interviews (N=27). Then, to determine the requirements for a prototype of an intelligent environment, the second phase, Translate, used three co-creation sessions with different stakeholder groups. In these sessions, Mind Maps (N=55) and Idea Generation Cards (N=35) were used. These resulted in a set of 10 requirements on the following topics: context-awareness, pattern recognition, adaptation, support, personalization, autonomy, modularity, dementia proof interaction, costs, data, and privacy. Finally, in the third phase, the requirements were applied to a real-life prototype by a multidisciplinary design team of researchers, (E-Health) tech companies, designers, software engineers with representatives of eight organizations. The prototype serves as a basis for further development of Intelligent Environments to enable people with dementia to live longer independently at home.
This paper puts forward a conceptual proposition that ties the discourses on ‘urban memory’ (Stillman and Johanson, 2009; Ringas, Christopoulou, Stefanidakis., 2011; Loughran, Fine & Hunter, 2015), sensory ethnography (Pink 2017 ), and counter-mapping (Crampton and Krygier 2018; ) with digital methods (Rogers, Sánchez-Querubín, and Kil, 2015). As an ‘interventionist’ approach, we understand co-producing counter (dynamic) maps with local stakeholders (actors), coupled with sensory and sentient data as a way of capturing the memory of urban peripheral landscapes (through intervention and participation) and thus creating archival knowledge.Urban memory is often understood as a form of collective memory that isconstituted by individual experiences within the place itself and through its historyand social environment (Ringas et al., 2011). With rapid changes in digitaltechnologies, digital and material have become “inseparate and entangled inenvironments people move and navigate their lives through'' (Pink and Fors, 2017).Memories are “evoked with material engagement with devices” which “opens up afield of sensory and affective engagement” research (ibid). While Pink and Forspropose to follow such engagement in a mundane and everyday setting, seen as anon-representational, phenomenological approach, we put forward a mixedmethods approach that connects sensory and sentient data (as agents) with the largerenvironmental context.Urban areas are often conceptualized as sites of ‘creative destruction’, in between stability and change, space (that can be developed) and place (that is lived in), often subjected to planning, regulation, and economic forces (Batty, 2007). This is especially true for urban areas that are located outside of the ‘center’ or in the cities’ periphery. These areas have experienced an endless cycle of deconstruction and reconstruction often witnessed and captured by local inhabitants, creatives, and activists. Currently, many of the peripheral areas are emancipating, bringing forward and openly communicating their complexities, values, and engaging various stakeholders in their regeneration efforts (which happens in a broader context of many European cities repositioning themselves in more polycentric and polyphonic ways, (Scott, 2015).To be able to capture the memory of ever-changing, ‘built a new’ urban places, we put forward counter (dynamic) mapping using digital methods as complemented with sensory and sentient data generated through interactions with digital technologies. Building on Crampton’s notion of maps (Crampton and Krygier, 2018), cartography is understood as existence (becoming) rather than essence (fixed ontology). Maps are therefore taken not as ‘objects’, but as performative practices. Digital methods, on the other hand, enable us to understand dynamic place-making, through ‘tracing’ the stakeholders (actors) and their relations overtime to capture the ways the urban environment gets performed.To clarify with an example, in Spinoza Imaginaries Lab & Cafe situated inAmsterdam Southeast we have been capturing the ever changing urbanenvironment in partnership with local stakeholders (actors), mapping their evolvingrelationships (and grouping) using the IssueCrawler and sentient data co-gatheredby researchers and students, with the clear understanding that to be able to capturea place, it is important to map the vernacular knowledge of that place (imaginaries,including art, movies, unrealized plans and initiatives, etc.). We propose this mixedmethods approach as an epistemological practice geared towards archiving thedynamic state of urban peripheral landscapes.
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In the wake of neo-liberal informed global trends to set performance standards and intensify accountability, the Dutch government aimed for ‘raising standards for basic skills’. While the implementation of literacy standards was hardly noticed, the introduction of numeracy standards caused a major backlash in secondary schools, which ended in a failed introduction of a high stakes test. How can these major differences be explained? Inspired by Foucault’s governmentality concept a theoretical framework is developed to allow for detailed empirical research on steering processes in complex systems in which many actors are involved in educational decision-making. A mixed-methods multiple embedded case-study was conducted comprising nine school boards and fifteen secondary schools. Analyses unveil processes of responsibilisation, normalisation and emerging dividing practices. Literacy standards reinforced responsibilities of Dutch language teachers; for numeracy, school leadership created entirely new roles and responsibilities for teachers. Literacy standards were incorporated in an already used instrument which made implementation both subtle and inevitable. For numeracy, schools distinguished students by risk of not passing the new test affirming the disciplinary nature of schools in the process. While little changed to address teachers main concerns about students’ literacy skills, the failed introduction of the numeracy test usurped most resources.
Coachingsgeprekken rond spiritueel – ritueel geladen handelen in de residentiele jeugdhulp. Vraagstukken rond jeugd, gezin en opvoeding zijn blijvend actueel. De vraag hoe het leven van jongeren eruit ziet en hoe zij voor hun leven en rol in de maatschappij worden gevormd, is daarbij wezenlijk. In mijn promotieonderzoek heb ik verslag gedaan van het dagelijks leven van adolescenten in de residentiele jeugdhulp en de rol van pedagogische medewerkers daarbij (Vierwind, 2019). Het perspectief van waaruit dat gebeurt is dat van de ritual studies. Naast dagelijkse- en overgangsrituelen worden in dit onderzoek ‘rituelen met een spirituele dimensie’ blootgelegd. De jongeren vertellen in de interviews hoe zij in situaties van tegenslag en verdriet overgaan tot spirituele handelingen waaraan zij moed en kracht ontlenen. Eerder onderzoek toont dat de adolescentietijd, onafhankelijk van eigen al of niet spirituele opvoeding, voor meerdere jongeren een periode van spiritueel ontwaken is. Religie en spiritualiteit blijken als coping mechanisme een bron van veerkracht. Een van de bevindingen in mijn onderzoek is dat pedagogisch medewerkers zeggen dat zij weten dat jongeren bij tegenslag en verdriet spirituele handelingen verrichten, maar daarbij expliciet benoemen dat ze in mentorgesprekken daar niet op afstemmen. Als een reden daarvoor wordt genoemd dat dit niet aansluit bij de eigen visie en levensrichting. Deze bevinding sluit aan bij eerder onderzoek waarin wordt geconcludeerd dat het kunnen hanteren van de eigen voorkeurstijl door pedagogisch medewerkers blijvend aandacht vraagt. Ook de door jongeren in eerder onderzoek uitgesproken behoefte om met hun begeleiders ‘echte gesprekken’ te kunnen hebben, is in dit verband noemenswaardig. Het hier voorgestelde onderzoek richt zich op de vraag hoe pedagogisch medewerkers in mentorgesprekken die binnen de residentiele jeugdhulp worden gevoerd kunnen afstemmen op het spiritueel handelen van jongeren. De resultaten van dit onderzoek zijn ook voor aanpalende beroepsgroepen van belang (Verpleegkunde, Onderwijs, Theologie).
