Zoekresultaten

Editorial: transport and tourism: a weak symbiosis. An introduction to the special issue

Ontwikkeling van Ontwerpregels Re-store

De mkb-ers die deelnemen aan Re-StORe willen naast het inzichtelijk maken van het circulaire waardesysteem en de daarbij behorende mogelijke financiële, sociale en ecologische impact - ook weten op welke wijze zij kunnen handelen om de beoogde impact te bereiken en te handhaven. Daarnaast blijkt uit gesprekken met verschillende afdelingen binnen de gemeente Amsterdam, dat er ook een kennisvraag is omtrent de handelingsmogelijkheden van publieke instituten om deze bottom-up transitie naar de circulaire economie te ondersteunen.In dit rapport wordt omschreven welke stappen er binnen Re-StORe gezet worden om te komen tot kennis met betrekking tot het vormgeven van circulaire composterings- en biovergistingsnetwerken. We volgen hierbij een ontwerpgerichte aanpak, met als uitgangspunt dat het composterings- of biovergistingsnetwerk te beschouwen is als een sociaal-technisch systeem. Het netwerk bestaat enerzijds uit technologieën en organisatiestructuren die inzamelings- transport-, verwerkingsstappen van afval naar productafzet mogelijk maken binnen de wet- en regelgeving. En anderzijds uit sociale actoren, die besluiten nemen en (inter)acties uitvoeren, zoals het onderling uitwisselen van materialen, energie en informatie.We richten ons binnen het onderzoek op de processen waar de mkb-bedrijven en de gemeente het meeste invloed binnen deze context op kunnen uitoefenen met als doel:• Het analyseren van de invloed van gedragsaspecten op technologieën en businessmodellen rondom composteren en biovergisten in de context van de stad Amsterdam• Aanbevelingen doen, die mkb-ers helpen bij te dragen aan een effectief en veerkrachtig waardesysteem rondom composteren en biovergisten• Aanbevelingen doen, die de gemeente helpen in het bevorderen van de effectiviteit en veerkrachtigheid van circulaire waardesystemen in de stad• Bij te dragen aan een discussie over belangen, verantwoordelijkheden, kosten en baten van compostering en biovergisting in de stad.We ontwikkelen hierbij samen met deze partijen oplossingrichtingen en verhaallijnen, die we verwerken in twee simulatiemodellen:• Model 1: inzameling. In dit model wordt het gescheiden inzamelen en transporteren van afval ten behoeve van biovergisten of composteren gemodelleerd en gesimuleerd. We onderzoeken welke technische en organisatorische ingrepen leiden tot een verhoogde afvalscheiding.• Model 2: van afval naar grondstof. Hierin wordt, na inzameling, de handel en verwerking van bedrijfsafval tot producten uit biovergisten of composteren gemodelleerd en gesimuleerd. Uiteindelijk wordt dit model gebruikt om de impact te kunnen meten van enkele voorgestelde businessmodellen.Om deze modellen op te zetten werken we samen met NDSM-werf om in een bestaande situatie, te onderzoeken welke systemen hierbinnen zouden kunnen werken. Daarnaast passen we de ontwikkelde modellen toe op een nieuw het ontwikkelen gebied Haven Stad.Op dit moment is de ontwikkeling van de twee simulatiemodellen in volle gang. In hoofdlijn worden de twee modellen ontwikkeld in de periode tot en met oktober 2019. Daarna kan er worden begonnen met experimenteren. In februari 2020 moet alle verslaglegging zijn afgerond.

Re-organise: Game-Based Learning of Circular Business Model Innovation

This study furthers game-based learning for circular business model innovation (CBMI), the complex, dynamic process of designing business models according to the circular economy principles. The study explores how game-play in an educational setting affects learning progress on the level of business model elements and from the perspective of six learning categories. We experimented with two student groups using our game education package Re-Organise. All students first studied a reader and a game role description and then filled out a circular business model canvas and a learning reflection. The first group, i.e., the game group, updated the canvas and the reflection in an interactive tutorial after gameplay. The control group submitted their updated canvas and reflection directly after the interactive tutorial without playing the game. The results were analyzed using text-mining and qualitative methods such as word co-occurrence and sentiment polarity. The game group created richer business models (using more waste processing technologies) and reflections with stronger sentiments toward the learning experience. Our detailed study results (i.e., per business model element and learning category) enhance understanding of game-based learning for circular business model innovation while providing directions for improving serious games and accompanying educational packages.

Creating circular, efficient and symbiotic cities

The ‘Grand Challenges’ of our times, like climate change, resource depletion, global inequity, and the destruction of wildlife and biodiversity can only be addressed by innovating cities. Despite the options of tele-working, tele-trading and tele-amusing, that allow people to participate in ever more activities, wherever they are, people are resettling in cities at an unprecedented speed. The forecasted ‘rurification’ of society did not occur. Technological development has drained rural society from its main source of income, agriculture, as only a marginal fraction of the labour force is employed in agriculture in the rich parts of the world. Moreover, technological innovation created new jobs in the IT and service sectors in cities. Cities are potentially far more resource efficient than rural areas. In a city transport distances are shorter, infrastructures can be applied to provide for essential services in a more efficient way and symbiosis might be developed between various infrastructures. However, in practice, urban infrastructures are not more efficient than rural infrastructures. This paper explores the reasons why. It digs into the reasons why the symbiotic options that are available in cities are not (sufficiently) utilised. The main reason for this is not of an economic nature: Infrastructure organisations are run by experts who are part of a strong paradigmatic community. Dependence on other organisations is regarded as limiting the infrastructure organisation’s freedom of action to achieve its own goals. Expert cultures are transferred in education, professional associations, and institutional arrangements. By 3 concrete examples of urban systems, the paper will analyse how various paradigms of experts co-evolved with evolving systems. The paper reflects on recent studies that identified professional education as the initiation into such expert paradigms. It will thereby relate lack of urban innovation to the monodisciplinary education of experts and the strong institutionalised character of expertise. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63007-6_43 LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/karelmulder/

Research Challenges In City Logistics For Circular Supply Chains Of E-Waste

This paper presents challenges in city logistics for circular supply chains of e-e-waste. Efficient e-waste management is one of the strategies to save materials, critical minerals, and precious metals. E-waste collection and recycling have gained attention recently due to lower collection and recycling rates. However, implementing circular urban supply chains is a significant economic transformation that can only work if coordination decisions are solved between the actors involved. On the one hand, this requires the implementation of efficient urban collection technologies, where waste collection companies collaborate with manufacturers, urban waste treatment specialists, and city logistics service providers supported by digital solutions for visibility and planning. On the other hand, it also requires implementing urban and regional ecosystems connected by innovative CO2-neutral circular city logistics systems. These systems must smoothly and sustainably manage the urban and regional flow of resources and data, often at a large scale and with interfaces between industrial processes, private, and public actors. This paper presents future research questions from a city logistics perspective based on a European project aimed at developing a blueprint for systemic solutions for the circularity of plastics from applications of rigid PU foams used as insulation material in refrigerators.

Simulating waste separation policies for the circular economy

This research contributes to understanding and shaping systems for OFMSW separation at urban Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs, such as offices, shops and service providers). Separating SMEs’ organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) is both an opportunity and a serious challenge for the transition towards circular cities. It is an opportunity because OFMSW represents approximately 40% of the total waste mass generated by these companies. It is challenging because post-collection separation is not feasible for OFMSW. Therefore, SMEs disposing of waste should separate their solid waste so that processing the organic fraction for reuse and recycling is practical and attainable. However, these companies do not experience direct advantages from the extra efforts in separating waste, and much of the OFMSW ends up in landfills, often resulting in unnecessary GHG emissions. Therefore, governments and waste processors are looking for ways to improve the OFMSW separation degree by urban companies disposing of waste through policies for behaviour change.There are multiple types of personnel at companies disposing of waste. These co-workers act according to their values, beliefs and norms. They adapt their behaviour continuously, influenced by the physical environment, events over time and self-evaluation of their actions. Therefore, waste separation at companies can be regarded as a Socio-Technical Complex Adaptive System (STCAS). Agent-based modelling and simulation are powerful methods to help understand STCAS. Consequently, we have created an agent-based model representing the evolution of behaviour regarding waste separation at companies in the urban environment. The model aims to show public and private stakeholders involved in solid waste collection, transport and processing to what extent behaviour change policies can shape the system towards desired waste separation degrees.We have co-created the model with participants utilising literature and empirical data from a case study on the transition of the waste collection system of a business park located at a former harbour area in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. First, a conceptual model of the system and the environment was set up through participatory workshops, surveys and interviews with stakeholders, domain experts and relevant actors. Together with our case participants, five policies that affect waste separation behaviour were included in the model. To model the behaviour of each company worker’s values, beliefs and norms during the separation and disposal of OFMSW, we have used the Value-Belief-Norm (VBN) Theory by Stern et al. (1999). We have collected data on waste collection behaviour and separation rates through interviews, workshops and a literature study to operationalise and validate the model.Simulation results show how combinations of behaviour profiles affect waste separation rates. Furthermore, findings show that single waste separation policies are often limitedly capable of changing the behaviour in the system. Rather, a combination of information and communication policies is needed to improve the separation of OFMSW, i.e., dissemination of a newsletter, providing personal feedback to the co-workers disposing of waste, and sharing information on the (improvement of) recycling rates.This study contributes to a better understanding of how policies can support co-workers’ pro-environmental behaviour for organic waste separation rates at SMEs. Thus, it shows policymakers how to stimulate the circular transition by actively engaging co-workers’ waste separation behaviour at SMEs. Future work will extend the model’s purpose by including households and policies supporting separating multiple waste types aimed at various R-strategies proposed by Potting et al. (2016).