While there has been a growing body of research focused on corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices in developing economies, few studies have examined the factors shaping the CSR agenda in sub-Saharan countries. Using qualitative data obtained through semi-structured interviews with management and stakeholders, this paper examines the drivers of the CSR agenda pursued by Paladin (Africa), a subsidiary of an Australian multinational mining company (MNC) operating the first uranium mine in Malawi. The findings suggest that the CSR agenda in the mining industry in Malawi is strongly influenced by externally generated pressures such as civil society organisation activism and community expectations; although it is clear that other drivers such as public and private regulations and pressure from financial markets also played a role in pressurising Paladin to adopt a CSR agenda.