Higher education has done well to establish itself as the supply side of business talent with stable markers of success that indicate when a student is ready for the ‘real world.’ However, the role of education is evolving in the context of sustainable development, where education strives to be holistic, transformative, and learner-centred. This approach demands new forms of meaningful assessment that emphasises learning over metrics. This chapter explores learning as conceived in responsible management education and education for sustainable development and the related function of assessment to articulate a research and practice agenda to explore new forms of assessment for sustainability education.