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Possibly, the aviation sector’s decarbonization challenge (see Dutch knowledge key in international climate study for tourism | CELTH) has profound implications for the ability of aviation-de-pendent outbound tour operators to attract capital and with that their ability to maintain or trans-form their current business portfolio (understood here as the current product offers and approximate carbon footprints, business models, and ownership structures present in this economic do-main). Knowledge about these (possible) investment risks and their business and policy implications is lacking. This project therefore addresses this knowledge gap by means of the following research questions.
1. What is the current business portfolio of Dutch outbound tour operators?
a. To what extend do Dutch outbound tour operators depend on aviation in terms of product offer and turnover?
b. What is the relative carbon footprint share of aviation-based products compared to the total outbound product offer and turnover of Dutch outbound tour operators?
2. What are investment risks of this business portfolio as indicated by investors?
a. How do investors evaluate investment risks in relation to climate change mitigation and de-carbonisation?
b. What are investment risks of the business portfolio of Dutch outbound tour operators?
c. What are the reflections on and implications of these investment risks from the perspective of policymakers and tour operators?