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Vaktherapie in de justitiële jeugdinrichtingen en de gesloten jeugdzorg: kaderdocument voor alle vaktherapeuten

Vaktherapie werkt aan tekorten/problemen met betrekking tot vier kerngebieden:zelfbeeld, emoties, cognitie en interactie. De vaktherapie richt zich op het opheffen of verminderen van tekorten met betrekking tot dynamisch criminogene factoren, anders gezegd: op risicofactoren uit de SAVRY (12‐18 jarigen) die een relatie hebben met de vier kerngebieden: ? voor het kerngebied zelfbeeld betreft dit de risicofactoren omgang met delinquente leeftijdsgenoten en negatieve opvattingen; ? voor het kerngebied emotie gaat het om de risicofactoren ervaren stress en copingvaardigheden, riskant gedrag/impulsiviteit en problemen bij omgaan met boosheid; ? voor het kerngebied interactie betreft het de risicofactoren omgang met delinquente leeftijdsgenoten, afwijzing door leeftijdsgenoten en gebrek aan berouw/empathie; ? voor het kerngebeid cognitie tenslotte gaat het om de risicofactoren afwijzing door leeftijdsgenoten, negatieve opvattingen en aandachtstekort hyperactiviteitprobleem

The investigation of early warning signs of aggression in forensic

Aims and objectives. The Forensic Early Warning Signs of Aggression Inventory (FESAI) was developed to assist nurses and patients in identifying early warning signs and constructing individual early detection plans (EDP) for the prevention of aggressive incidents. The aims of this research were as follows: First, to study the prevalence of early warning signs of aggression, measured with the FESAI, in a sample of forensic patients, and second, to explore whether there are any types of warning signs typical of diagnostic subgroups or offender subgroups. Background. Reconstructing patients’ changes in behaviour prior to aggressive incidents may contribute to identify early warning signs specific to the individual patient. The EDP comprises an early intervention strategy suggested by the patient and approved by the nurses. Implementation of EDP may enhance efficient risk assessment and management. Design. An explorative design was used to review existing records and to monitor frequencies of early warning signs. Methods. Early detection plans of 171 patients from two forensic hospital wards were examined. Frequency distributions were estimated by recording the early warning signs on the FESAI. Rank order correlation analyses were conducted to compare diagnostic subgroups and offender subgroups concerning types and frequencies of warning signs. Results. The FESAI categories with the highest frequency rank were the following: (1) anger, (2) social withdrawal, (3) superficial contact and (4) non-aggressive antisocial behaviour. There were no significant differences between subgroups of patients concerning the ranks of the four categories of early warning signs. Conclusion. The results suggest that the FESAI covers very well the wide variety of occurred warning signs reported in the EDPs. No group profiles of warning signs were found to be specific to diagnosis or offence type. Relevance to clinical practice. Applying the FESAI to develop individual EDPs appears to be a promising approach to enhance risk assessment and management.

The relationship between challenging behaviour and anxiety in adults with intellectual disabilities: a literature review

Background Anxiety and challenging behaviour (CB) often occur simultaneously in people with intellectual disabilities (ID). Understanding the associations between anxiety and CB may contribute to more accurate diagnoses and management of both anxiety and CB in this population. Aims To examine the relationship between anxiety and CB. Methods A literature review covering the period from January 2000 to January 2012. Results Seven studies about the relationship between psychiatric disorders, including anxiety, and CB were identified. These studies confirm the relationship between anxiety and CB in people with ID, although the precise nature of this relationship remains unclear. Conclusions The study points toward the existence of a moderate association between anxiety and CB. Further research is needed to clarify the complex nature of the association between anxiety and CB.

Prosocial preferences can escalate intergroup conflicts by countering selfish motivations to leave

When defending against hostile enemies, individual group members can benefit from others staying in the group and fighting. However, individuals themselves may be better off by leaving the group and avoiding the personal risks associated with fighting. While fleeing is indeed commonly observed, when and why defenders fight or flee remains poorly understood and is addressed here with three incentivized and preregistered experiments (total n = 602). In stylized attacker-defender contest games in which defenders could stay and fight or leave, we show that the less costly leaving is, the more likely individuals are to abandon their group. In addition, more risk-averse individuals are more likely to leave. Conversely, individuals more likely stay and fight when they have pro-social preferences and when fellow group members cannot leave. However, those who stay not always contribute fully to group defense, to some degree free-riding on the efforts of other group members. Nonetheless, staying increased intergroup conflict and its associated costs.

De relatie tussen middelengebruik en (huiselijk) geweld

De Forensische zorg: Een steekje los?

Aan patiënten opgenomen in de forensische zorg zit een steekje los. Maar volgens de publieke opinie ook aan de professionals, en in de processen hapert ook het een en ander. In haar oratie ging Vivienne de Vogel in op deze losse steekjes en hoe deze te herstellen zijn. Ze benadrukt daarbij het belang van onderzoek vanuit drie perspectieven: patiënten, professionals en processen. ‘Een geïntegreerd perspectief is nodig om de kwaliteit van de forensische zorg verder te verbeteren.’