ObjectivesBody weight and muscle mass loss following an acute hospitalization in older patients may be influenced by malnutrition and sarcopenia among other factors. This study aimed to assess the changes in body weight and composition from admission to discharge and the geriatric variables associated with the changes in geriatric rehabilitation inpatients.DesignRESORT is an observational, longitudinal cohort.Setting and ParticipantsGeriatric rehabilitation inpatients admitted to geriatric rehabilitation wards at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (N = 1006).MethodsChanges in body weight and body composition [fat mass (FM), appendicular lean mass (ALM)] from admission to discharge were analyzed using linear mixed models. Body mass index (BMI) categories, (risk of) malnutrition (Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition), sarcopenia (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People), dependence in activities of daily living (ADL), multimorbidity, and cognitive impairment were tested as geriatric variables by which the changes in body weight and composition may differ.ResultsA total of 1006 patients [median age: 83.2 (77.7–88.8) years, 58.5% female] were included. Body weight, FM (kg), and FM% decreased (0.30 kg, 0.43 kg, and 0.46%, respectively) and ALM (kg) and ALM% increased (0.17 kg and 0.33%, respectively) during geriatric rehabilitation. Body weight increased in patients with underweight; decreased in patients with normal/overweight, obesity, ADL dependence and in those without malnutrition and sarcopenia. ALM% and FM% decreased in patients with normal/overweight. ALM increased in patients without multimorbidity and in those with malnutrition and sarcopenia; ALM% increased in patients without multimorbidity and with sarcopenia.Conclusions and ImplicationsIn geriatric rehabilitation, body weight increased in patients with underweight but decreased in patients with normal/overweight and obesity. ALM increased in patients with malnutrition and sarcopenia but not in patients without. This suggests the need for improved standard of care independent of patients’ nutritional risk.
Background: Our aim was to identify dietary patterns by the level of maternal education that contribute to BMI, fat mass index (FMI), and fat-free mass index (FFMI) in children at age 5 and to assess if these dietary patterns are related to BMI at age 10. Methods: Per group (low/middle/high level), Reduced Rank Regression (RRR) was used to derive dietary patterns for the response variables BMI z-score, FMI, and FFMI in 1728 children at age 5 in the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development (ABCD) cohort. Regression analyses were then used to determine the association with BMI at age 10. Results: In each group, pattern 1 was characterized by its own cluster of food groups. Low: water/tea, savory snacks, sugar, low-fat meat, and fruits; middle: water/tea, low-fat cheese, fish, low-fat dairy, fruit drink, low-fat meat, and eggs; and high: low-fat cheese, fruits, whole-grain breakfast products, and low-fat and processed meat. Additionally, in each group, pattern 1 was positively associated with BMI z-scores at age 10 (low: β ≤ 0.43 [95% CI ≤ 0.21; 0.66], p < 0.001, middle: β ≤ 0.23 [0.09; 0.36], p ≤ 0.001, and high: β ≤ 0.24 [0.18; 0.30], p < 0.001). Conclusions: The dietary patterns stratified by the level of maternal education are characterized by different food groups. But in all the groups, pattern 1 is positively associated with BMI at age 10.
MULTIFILE
Although there is some evidence that total dietary antioxidant capacity (TDAC) is inversely associated with the presence of obesity, no longitudinal studies have been performed investigating the effect of TDAC on comprehensive measures of body composition over time. In this study, we included 4595 middle-aged and elderly participants from the Rotterdam Study, a population-based cohort. We estimated TDAC among these individuals by calculating a ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) score based on data from food-frequency questionnaires. Body composition was assessed by means of dual X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and every subsequent 3-5 years. From these data, we calculated fat mass index (FMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI), android-to-gynoid fat ratio (AGR), body fat percentage (BF%) and body mass index (BMI). We also assessed hand grip strength at two time points and prevalence of sarcopenia at one time point in a subset of participants. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models or multinomial logistic regression models with multivariable adjustment. We found that higher FRAP score was associated with higher FFMI (0.091 kg/m2 per standard deviation (SD) higher FRAP score, 95% CI 0.031; 0.150), lower AGR (-0.028, 95% CI -0.053; -0.003), higher BMI (0.115, 95% CI 0.020; 0.209) and lower BF% (-0.223, 95% CI -0.383; -0.064) across follow-up after multivariable adjustment. FRAP score was not associated with hand grip strength or sarcopenia. Additional adjustment for adherence to dietary guidelines and exclusion of individuals with comorbid disease at baseline did not change our results. In conclusion, dietary intake of antioxidants may positively affect the amount of lean mass and overall body composition among the middle-aged and elderly.
Aanleiding De somatische zorg voor patiënten met een ernstige psychische aandoening (EPA) schiet in de Nederlandse gezondheidszorg op een aantal punten ernstig tekort. Dit leidt ertoe dat deze patiënten eerder ziek worden en een beduidend kortere levensverwachting hebben dan gemiddeld. In navolging van de groeiende aandacht binnen de gezondheidszorg voor dit thema, zijn er landelijk twee multidisciplinaire richtlijnen ontwikkeld. De eerste richtlijn is voor somatische screening bij patiënten met EPA en de tweede voor de toepassing van leefstijlinterventies ter bevordering van de gezondheid van deze patiënten. De interventies vinden o.a. plaats op voeding, bewegen, roken, alcoholgebruik, middelenmisbruik, slaap en seksueel risicovol gedrag. In dit RAAK-project worden de twee richtlijnen aan de praktijk getoetst. Doelstelling Het RAAK-project beoogt implementatie en evaluatie van de reeds ontwikkelde richtlijnen in twee GGZ-instellingen bij een groep van 750 patiënten. De (post-)hbo-opgeleide verpleegkundig specialisten vervullen een spilfunctie bij de uitvoering van de screening en de leefstijlinterventies en hebben een coördinerende functie naar andere betrokken disciplines (arts, psychiater, diëtist, fysiotherapeut, etc.). Bij gebleken gezondheidsproblemen wordt effectieve behandeling ingezet, gemonitord en geëvalueerd. Ter ondersteuning van de verpleegkundigen zijn de belangrijkste aanbevelingen uit de richtlijnen vertaald in twee methodieken: de Verpleegkundige Monitoring bij Somatiek en Leefstijl (VMSL-GGZ) en Leefstijl in Beeld. Hierbij horen e-healthtools en een e-learningmodule. Een uitgebreide evaluatie zal uitwijzen of de richtlijnen rond somatiek en leefstijl effectief geïmplementeerd kunnen worden in de GGZ-beroepspraktijk. Boogde resultaten Het project brengt tot op het niveau van de patiënt de resultaten in beeld van het werken met richtlijnen en methodieken bij: 1) screening van patiënten met een ernstige psychische aandoening op dreigende gezondheidsproblemen; 2) toepassing van interventies als de gezondheid in gevaar is. De bij de methodieken horende e-healthtools en e-learningmodule zijn doorontwikkeld en breed inzetbaar. Verspreiding van kennis en ervaring die is opgedaan in het project vindt plaats via de netwerken van het consortium. Borging van de inzichten in het onderwijs is eveneens een primaire doelstelling.
