De zogenoemde “21th century skills” worden, aldus het Ministerie van Onderwijs, steeds belangrijker. Het zijn eigenschappen die we terugvinden in de eindtermen van vrijwel alle hbo-opleidingen en die – in de woorden van Donald Schön – de kern zijn van een “reflective practitioner” : een vakvrouw of –man, die zichzelf in complexe situaties kan sturen en daardoor productief blijft. Eerder onderzoek van het lectoraat Pedagogiek van de Beroepsvorming heeft aangetoond dat een leeromgeving gericht op zelfsturing aan drie condities moet voldoen: er moet sprake zijn van praktijkgestuurd onderwijs, studenten moeten de kans krijgen een dialoog aan te gaan over de zin en betekenis van hun ervaringen in het praktijkgestuurde onderwijs en studenten moeten medezeggenschap hebben over hun eigen leerproces. Met name het realiseren van een dialoog blijkt echter heel moeilijk te zijn. Zowel docenten als studenten (en ook de onderwijsmanagers) zijn gewend aan onderwijs waarin zin en betekenis nauwelijks ter discussie staat. Het gevolg is dat ze vooral gericht zijn op reproductief en niet op betekenis-gericht leren. Zelfsturing vereist evenwel deze laatste vorm van leren. Zelfsturing vereist een dialoog over de zin en betekenis van ervaringen die de student “raken”. Dergelijke ervaringen roepen veelal emoties op die in eerste instantie niet begrepen worden. Zin en betekenis zijn “geen dingen in een doosje”; ze worden gaandeweg duidelijk in een gesprek waarin de docent verklaart noch verheldert, maar samen met de student op zoek gaat naar de juiste woorden. Dat zijn woorden waarvan de student voelt dat ze haar in staat stellen iets uit te drukken dat voorheen nog niet onder woorden gebracht kon worden. In dit boek wordt vanuit verschillende perspectieven en op basis van empirisch onderzoek ingegaan op de vraag in hoeverre het hbo er in slaagt een dergelijke dialoog met haar studenten te realiseren. Tevens wordt stilgestaan bij methoden om zo’n dialoog te realiseren.
DOCUMENT
The inefficiency of maintaining static and long-lasting safety zones in environments where actual risks are limited is likely to increase in the coming decades, as autonomous systems become more common and human workers fewer in numbers. Nevertheless, an uncompromising approach to safety remains paramount, requiring the introduction of novel methods that are simultaneously more flexible and capable of delivering the same level of protection against potentially hazardous situations. We present such a method to create dynamic safety zones, the boundaries of which can be redrawn in real-time, taking into account explicit positioning data when available and using conservative extrapolation from last known location when information is missing or unreliable. Simulation and statistical methods were used to investigate performance gains compared to static safety zones. The use of a more advanced probabilistic framework to further improve flexibility is also discussed, although its implementation would not offer the same level of protection and is currently not recommended.
MULTIFILE
Albeit the widespread application of recommender systems (RecSys) in our daily lives, rather limited research has been done on quantifying unfairness and biases present in such systems. Prior work largely focuses on determining whether a RecSys is discriminating or not but does not compute the amount of bias present in these systems. Biased recommendations may lead to decisions that can potentially have adverse effects on individuals, sensitive user groups, and society. Hence, it is important to quantify these biases for fair and safe commercial applications of these systems. This paper focuses on quantifying popularity bias that stems directly from the output of RecSys models, leading to over recommendation of popular items that are likely to be misaligned with user preferences. Four metrics to quantify popularity bias in RescSys over time in dynamic setting across different sensitive user groups have been proposed. These metrics have been demonstrated for four collaborative filteri ng based RecSys algorithms trained on two commonly used benchmark datasets in the literature. Results obtained show that the metrics proposed provide a comprehensive understanding of growing disparities in treatment between sensitive groups over time when used conjointly.
DOCUMENT
Carboxylated cellulose is an important product on the market, and one of the most well-known examples is carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). However, CMC is prepared by modification of cellulose with the extremely hazardous compound monochloracetic acid. In this project, we want to make a carboxylated cellulose that is a functional equivalent for CMC using a greener process with renewable raw materials derived from levulinic acid. Processes to achieve cellulose with a low and a high carboxylation degree will be designed.
The transition towards an economy of wellbeing is complex, systemic, dynamic and uncertain. Individuals and organizations struggle to connect with and embrace their changing context. They need to create a mindset for the emergence of a culture of economic well-being. This requires a paradigm shift in the way reality is constructed. This emergence begins with the mindset of each individual, starting bottom-up. A mindset of economic well-being is built using agency, freedom, and responsibility to understand personal values, the multi-identity self, the mental models, and the individual context. A culture is created by waving individual mindsets together and allowing shared values, and new stories for their joint context to emerge. It is from this place of connection with the self and the other, that individuals' intrinsic motivation to act is found to engage in the transitions towards an economy of well-being. This project explores this theoretical framework further. Businesses play a key role in the transition toward an economy of well-being; they are instrumental in generating multiple types of value and redefining growth. They are key in the creation of the resilient world needed to respond to the complex and uncertain of our era. Varta-Valorisatielab, De-Kleine-Aarde, and Het Groene Brein are frontrunner organizations that understand their impact and influence. They are making bold strategic choices to lead their organizations towards an economy of well-being. Unfortunately, they often experience resistance from stakeholders. To address this resistance, the consortium in the proposal seeks to answer the research question: How can individuals who connect with their multi-identity-self, (via personal values, mental models, and personal context) develop a mindset of well-being that enables them to better connect with their stakeholders (the other) and together address the transitional needs of their collective context for the emergence of a culture of the economy of wellbeing?
Size measurement plays an essential role for micro-/nanoparticle characterization and property evaluation. Due to high costs, complex operation or resolution limit, conventional characterization techniques cannot satisfy the growing demand of routine size measurements in various industry sectors and research departments, e.g., pharmaceuticals, nanomaterials and food industry etc. Together with start-up SeeNano and other partners, we will develop a portable compact device to measure particle size based on particle-impact electrochemical sensing technology. The main task in this project is to extend the measurement range for particles with diameters ranging from 20 nm to 20 um and to validate this technology with realistic samples from various application areas. In this project a new electrode chip will be designed and fabricated. It will result in a workable prototype including new UMEs (ultra-micro electrode), showing that particle sizing can be achieved on a compact portable device with full measuring range. Following experimental testing with calibrated particles, a reliable calibration model will be built up for full range measurement. In a further step, samples from partners or potential customers will be tested on the device to evaluate the application feasibility. The results will be validated by high-resolution and mainstream sizing techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Coulter counter.
