In this contribution, we evaluate the degree of measurement equivalence between countries and over time for a measure of experienced holiday quality that has repeatedly been included in a public opinion survey series of high policy relevance: the Flash Eurobarometer survey series (2014–2016). The results indicate that using the measurement instrument for cross-national comparisons between 35 countries may be quite problematic, as neither metric nor scalar measurement equivalence was established. The longitudinal analyses show that for 19 out of 28 countries, scalar measurement equivalence holds between the waves. For the countries for which longitudinal scalar measurement equivalence was established, the comparison of the mean overall score of satisfaction with the holiday shows a very high level of stability. In general, the findings underscore the importance of assessing measurement equivalence of empirical tourism and leisure-related constructs when making systematic comparisons between groups or over time.
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Burgers maken zich tegenwoordig meer zorgen over terrorisme en migratie dan over criminaliteit, blijkt uit de Eurobarometer. Die laat ook zien waar de échte zorgen van burgers nu liggen: niet langer bij de sociale veiligheid maar bij de existentiële veiligheid, bij kwesties als gezondheidszorg en sociale zekerheid en klimaatverandering.
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The evolving landscape of science communication highlights a shift from traditional dissemination to participatory engagement. This study explores Dutch citizens’ perspectives on science communication, focusing on science capital, public engagement, and communication goals. Using a mixed-methods approach, it combines survey data (n = 376) with focus group (n = 66) insights. Findings show increasing public interest in participating in science, though barriers like knowledge gaps persist. Trust-building, engaging adolescents, and integrating science into society were identified as key goals. These insights support the development of the Netherlands’ National Centre of Expertise on Science and Society and provide guidance for inclusive, effective science communication practices.
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Een referendumspook waart door Europa, aldus de gevestigde orde in Brussel. Het afgelopen jaar spraken Grieken, Denen, Nederlanders en Britten zich bij referenda uit tegen de Europese Unie. De geest gaat echter niet terug in de fles. Meer referenda zijn op komst. Tegelijkertijd lijkt het wantrouwen in Europa hardnekkiger dan ooit. Houden dit wantrouwen en meer referenda de EU gegijzeld of is er een uitweg?
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Deze studie onderzoekt hoe toonaangevende Nederlandse nieuwsorganisaties – de Volkskrant, NOS Nieuws en RTL Nieuws – zijn omgegaan met de toenemende kritiek op hun functioneren in een veranderend medialandschap en in hoeverre de genomen maatregelen ook daadwerkelijk worden toegepast in de journalistieke praktijk. De resultaten laten zien dat het nieuwe verantwoordingsbeleid, vooral bij de Volkskrant en NOS Nieuws, vooraf van bovenaf, door de hoofdredactie, werd geïnitieerd, terwijl de journalisten ter redactie meer terughoudendheid betoonden. Niettemin bestaat er het besef dat door een combinatie van online-technologie, commerciële concurrentie en maatschappelijke veranderingen de journalistiek diepgaand verandert, en het publiek meer serieus genomen moet worden.
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This paper investigates whether students change their entrepreneurial entry preference if they are presented with different options. We propose that students’ entry preferences are mediated by concepts proposed by threshold theory: choice options, opportunity costs and psychic income. This study is exploratory in nature, analyzing a small sample of 31 student essays both quantitatively and qualitatively to test our propositions. Though lacking a control group, enrolment in a six-week module on entry mode options by a group of third year Bachelor students at a Dutch university resulted in some interesting changes—in particular, toward greater clarity in the entrepreneurial entry mode preference as well as a shift toward takeover options (including firm acquisition and family succession). However, thematic analysis of students essays reveals that the perceived ability to act on such preferences may still be limited by opportunity costs (i.e., the higher need for financial capital) and a self-perceived lack of human capital (entrepreneurial or management experience).
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Although many countries have shown a distinct drop in crime over the last decades, the criminological literature suggests that fear of crime in those countries remained relatively stable. Research on this issue is sparse however, mostly confined to a single country, a few indicators and/or a relatively short timeframe. For this chapter 1,100 data series on fear of crime related items from (supra)national surveys were collected, covering 121 countries and more than 25 years (1989-2015). Using these data, a first prototype for an International Fear of Crime Trend Index was developed. Used on the five UN-regions with the highest average amount of data series per country, the index shows a pronounced fear drop in four of the five regions: all of them in Europe and the Anglo-Saxon countries. Explanations for these fear drops are hypothesized and directions for further research are formulated.
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Female entrepreneurship is still a limited phenomenon in European countries and its promotion ranks high on the EU policy agenda. Various frameworks have been offered to explain the main structural differences in entrepreneurship between men and women, emphasizing a variety of underlying factors. With a novel approach, this paper argues that due to a process of generation renewal the numerical difference between male and female entrepreneurship will diminish. Generation replacement is seen by sociologists and other social scientists as the motor behind cultural renewal. Our core interest in this paper in developing such a dynamic interpretation within the European context is the role of different generations (Silent Generation, Babyboomers, Generation X, Millennials). Younger cohorts of females are hypothesized to be more pro entrepreneurship and pro self-employment both in terms of attitudes, intentions, and behaviors, compared to older cohorts. They are furthermore assumed to converge with their male generation members in this regard. This paper empirically tests these two hypotheses by analyzing multi cross-sectional European data from the Eurobarometer over a span of thirty-five years (1980-2015). Results show that this generational approach sheds new light on explaining trends in female entrepreneurship. We find evidence of an increased growth in female entrepreneurship that can be attributed to generation replacement. This rise in total female entrepreneurship is characterized by diversity among European countries in the study. Positive attitudes toward entrepreneurship are essential to considering future self-employment. Education is a key factor. Female entrepreneurship, it is predicted, will become more prominent in Europe.
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Er is weinig bekend over de verschillen in de ondernemersprofielen van starters, overnemers en opvolgers. Als voorbereiding op een grootschalig onderzoek van de HU/KvK Nederland is de literatuur op dit gebied bestudeerd.
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Het toenemend gebruik van internet en mobiele telefoons vormt soms aanleiding voor bezorgdheid over de kwaliteit van onze sociale netwerken. Toch scheppen de digitale mogelijkheden eerder nieuwe kansen voor communicatie dan dat zij bijdragen aan bijvoorbeeld vereenzaming. Internet wordt weliswaar veel gebruikt voor surfen en spelletjes, maar ook voor e-mail en chatten. Onduidelijk is nog of de internettijd ten koste gaat van tijd die eerder besteed werd aan televisie, lezen, deelname aan verenigingsleven of een andere activiteit. Dit artikel geeft ook aan dat de relatie tussen nieuwe media en sociale netwerken georganiseerd kan worden, dat via beleid de 'sociale winst' van technologie gekapitaliseerd kan worden.
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