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Anthocyanins as novel sustainable antimicrobial preservatives

Chemical preservation is an important process that prevents foods, personal care products, woods and household products, such as paints and coatings, from undesirable change or decomposition by microbial growth. To date, many different chemical preservatives are commercially available, but they are also associated with health threats and severe negative environmental impact. The demand for novel, safe, and green chemical preservatives is growing, and this process is further accelerated by the European Green Deal. It is expected that by the year of 2050 (or even as soon as 2035), all preservatives that do not meet the ‘safe-by-design’ and ‘biodegradability’ criteria are banned from production and use. To meet these European goals, there is a large need for the development of green, circular, and bio-degradable antimicrobial compounds that can serve as alternatives for the currently available biocidals/ preservatives. Anthocyanins, derived from fruits and flowers, meet these sustainability goals. Furthermore, preliminary research at the Hanze University of Applied Science has confirmed the antimicrobial efficacy of rose and tulip anthocyanin extracts against an array of microbial species. Therefore, these molecules have the potential to serve as novel, sustainable chemical preservatives. In the current project we develop a strategy consisting of fractionation and state-of-the-art characterization methods of individual anthocyanins and subsequent in vitro screening to identify anthocyanin-molecules with potent antimicrobial efficacy for application in paints, coatings and other products. To our knowledge this is the first attempt that combines in-depth chemical characterization of individual anthocyanins in relation to their antimicrobial efficacy. Once developed, this strategy will allow us to single out anthocyanin molecules with antimicrobial properties and give us insight in structure-activity relations of individual anthocyanins. Our approach is the first step towards the development of anthocyanin molecules as novel, circular and biodegradable non-toxic plant-based preservatives.

Augmenting nerve regeneration to improve proprioception in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a strong rope-like tissue which connects the femur to the tibia in the knee joint. Its function is to provide structural stability to the knee while preventing unnatural forward movement of the tibia relative to the femur. Acute complete ACL ruptures during movements like knee hyperextension or sudden changes of direction (pivoting) damage two entities: the ligament itself and its nerve connections to the posterior tibial nerve (PTN). PTN innervation in the ACL is essential for: a) proprioception (e.g. perception of position and movement/acceleration experienced by the ligament), and b) stability of the knee joint. Upon ACL rupture, the orthopedic surgeon reconstructs the ACL with a graft from the hamstring, patellar or quadriceps tendon. After the surgery, the goal is to regain neuromuscular control and dynamic stabilization during rehabilitation as soon as possible for a quick return to sports and daily activities. However, surgeons are not able to reconstruct the nerve gap between the PTN and the grafted ligament due to the microscopic size of the innervation in the ACL. Not linking the PTN to the graft creates a disconnection between the knee joint and the spinal cord. To mitigate these disadvantages in ACL surgery, this study focuses on activating the growth of proprioception nerve endings using a ligament loaded with growth factors (neurotrophins). We hypothesize that neurotrophins will activate proprioceptive fibers of neurons close to the ACL. We describe graft fabrication steps and in vitro experiments to expand on the regeneration capacity of a commercially available ACL-like synthetic ligament called LARS. The results will bring the ACL regeneration field closer to having a graft that can aid patients in regaining mobility and stability during locomotion and running, confidence in the strength of the knee joint, and quick return to sports.

Bio-composieten voor bouwkundige en civiele toepassingen

BioADD- Biocarbon - a sustainable additive for enhancing biopolymer properties.

Plastic products are currently been critically reviewed due to the growing awareness on the related problems, such as the “plastic soup”. EU has introduced a ban for a number of single-use consumer products and fossil-based polymers coming in force in 2021. The list of banned products are expected to be extended, for example for single-use, non-compostable plastics in horticulture and agriculture. Therefore, it is crucial to develop sustainable, biodegradable alternatives. A significant amount of research has been performed on biobased polymers. However, plastics are made from a polymer mixed with other materials, additives, which are essential for the plastics production and performance. Development of biodegradable solutions for these additives is lacking, but is urgently needed. Biocarbon (Biochar), is a high-carbon, fine-grained residue that is produced through pyrolysis processes. This natural product is currently used to produce energy, but the recent research indicate that it has a great potential in enhancing biopolymer properties. The biocarbon-biopolymer composite could provide a much needed fully biodegradable solution. This would be especially interesting in agricultural and horticultural applications, since biocarbon has been found to be effective at retaining water and water-soluble nutrients and to increase micro-organism activity in soil. Biocarbon-biocomposite may also be used for other markets, where biodegradability is essential, including packaging and disposable consumer articles. The BioADD consortium consists of 9 industrial partners, a branch organization and 3 research partners. The partner companies form a complementary team, including biomass providers, pyrolysis technology manufacturers and companies producing products to the relevant markets of horticulture, agriculture and packaging. For each of the companies the successful result from the project will lead to concrete business opportunities. The support of Avans, University of Groningen and Eindhoven University of Technology is essential in developing the know-how and the first product development making the innovation possible.

BioADD2.0 Sustainable innovation in horticultural and agricultural products

Tuinbouw en landbouw maken in de productie gebruik van kunststoffen als een noodzakelijk hulpmiddel om de voedselproductie veilig te stellen, de opbrengst van gewassen en de productie-efficiëntie te verbeteren. Om de transitie van op fossiele naar duurzame, bioafbreekbare en milieuvriendelijke materialen te stimuleren, is innovatie vereist. In BioADD2.0 wordt biologisch afbreekbaare bodemverbeterende biochar-biocomposieten ontwikkeld. Het concept is bewezen in een vorige RAAK-MKB-project. Het consortium in BioADD2.0 wil de materialen gereed maken voor introductie in de praktijk. De succesvolle ontwikkelingen van de biochar-biocomposiet producten zullen de innovatie en business stimuleren en bijdragen aan de transitie naar een duurzamere samenleving.

Biobased Betaald; 100 % Biobased munten met kleurvezel effecten

In de laatste jaren zijn er veel biocomposieten ontwikkeld, gebaseerd op vezelversterkte biologisch afbreekbare polymeren. Polymelkzuur (polylactic acid, PLA) is een van de meest onderzochte biobased matrices door de competitieve prijs, afbreekbaarheid en de goede verwerkings eigenschappen. BioBase Pack uit Heinkenszand, Appkuns uit Oosterhout en M-plastics zijn actief in de innovatieve produktie en verwerking van biocomposieten. Het doel van dit project is om op een vernieuwende manier biocomposieten te benutten, niet alleen door het veranderen van de mechanische of thermische eigenschappen van het polymeer, maar ook om het design van het eindproduct zo te ontwikkelen dat er visueel aantrekkelijke en functioneel verbeterde en dan vooral 100 % biobased producten geproduceerd kunnen worden. Samen met Avans/CoEBBE heeft Biobase Pack binnen een eerdere samenwerking ontdekt dat bepaalde vezels goed kunnen worden toegepast om biopolymeren een 100 % biobased kleuring en daarmee een meer attractieve visuele uitstraling te geven. Het onderzoek richtte zich op de verwerking van de gekleurde vezels in het biobased Hemcell polymeer matrix. In het onderzoek werd zo de mogelijkheid om 100 % biobased kleurstoffen te gebruiken aangetoond. Maar op deze manier werd ook door specifieke kleureffecten in combinatie met het gebruik van vezels een andere design aan het Hemcell polymeer gegeven. Door het onderzoek zijn echter ook een aantal vervolg vragen ontstaan, vooral betreffende de effecten van het verwerkingsproces, de eigenschappen van de nieuwe materialen en de toepassingsmogelijkheden. Deze vragen zullen in dit Biobased Betaald project verder onderzocht worden. Het doel van dit project is om een innovatieve 100% biobased festival munt te produceren o.b.v. het toepassen van gekleurde natuurlijke vezels in biobased polymeren. De evaluatie en selectie van de mogelijke vezels, verwerking in het productie en de mogelijke speciale kleur effecten (design en functionaliteit) zijn de afgeleide onderzoeksdoelen van deze studie.