Ship-source greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions could increase by up to 250% from 2012 levels by 2050 owing to increasing global freight volumes. Binding international legal agreements to regulate GHGs, however, are lacking as technical solutions remain expensive and crucial industrial support is absent. In 2003, IMO adopted Resolution A.963 (23) to regulate shipping CO2 emissions via technical, operational, and market-based routes. However, progress has been slow and uncertain; there is no concrete emission reduction target or definitive action plan. Yet, a full-fledged roadmap may not even emerge until 2023. In this policy analysis, we revisit the progress of technical, operational, and market-based routes and the associated controversies. We argue that 1) a performance-based index, though good-intentioned, has loopholes affecting meaningful CO2 emission reductions driven by technical advancements; 2) using slow steaming to cut energy consumption stands out among operational solutions thanks to its immediate and obvious results, but with the already slow speed in practice, this single source has limited emission reduction potential; 3) without a technology-savvy shipping industry, a market-based approach is essentially needed to address the environmental impact. To give shipping a 50:50 chance for contributing fairly and proportionately to keep global warming below 2°C, deep emission reductions should occur soon.
In a participatory style, various types of policy-relevant actors participate and communicate actively during the process of analysis, although the objectives and nature of participation can differ extensively from case to case. The consensus conference has attracted great interest from policy analysts, technology assessment (TA) institutions, and technology policy makers in Europe. The management of complex policy problems is determined by three strategic needs. Policy analysis requires: knowledge management, process management, and network management. The flow of policy-relevant information can be portrayed from the initiator via the policy analyst to the relevant societal stakeholders or participants. The consensus conference is a method to establish active public participation and consultation in science and technology. The interest in consensus conferences by organisations and institutions outside Denmark may partly be explained by developments in science and technology policy in Europe. Human genetics research has been the subject of TA in many countries such as Denmark, the UK and the United States.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the bidirectional relationship between policy and data reliability has been a challenge for researchers of the local municipal health services. Policy decisions on population specific test locations and selective registration of negative test results led to population differences in data quality. This hampered the calculation of reliable population specific infection rates needed to develop proper data driven public health policy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12508-023-00377-y
MULTIFILE
Developing a framework that integrates Advanced Language Models into the qualitative research process.Qualitative research, vital for understanding complex phenomena, is often limited by labour-intensive data collection, transcription, and analysis processes. This hinders scalability, accessibility, and efficiency in both academic and industry contexts. As a result, insights are often delayed or incomplete, impacting decision-making, policy development, and innovation. The lack of tools to enhance accuracy and reduce human error exacerbates these challenges, particularly for projects requiring large datasets or quick iterations. Addressing these inefficiencies through AI-driven solutions like AIDA can empower researchers, enhance outcomes, and make qualitative research more inclusive, impactful, and efficient.The AIDA project enhances qualitative research by integrating AI technologies to streamline transcription, coding, and analysis processes. This innovation enables researchers to analyse larger datasets with greater efficiency and accuracy, providing faster and more comprehensive insights. By reducing manual effort and human error, AIDA empowers organisations to make informed decisions and implement evidence-based policies more effectively. Its scalability supports diverse societal and industry applications, from healthcare to market research, fostering innovation and addressing complex challenges. Ultimately, AIDA contributes to improving research quality, accessibility, and societal relevance, driving advancements across multiple sectors.
Grote steden staan de komende decennia voor enorme uitdagingen om ruimtelijke herstructurering en versterking van sociaaleconomische posities van bepaalde wijken, te combineren met leefbaarheids-, duurzaamheids-, en mobiliteitsambities. Dit zijn vraagstukken waar bij uitstek verschillende fysieke, sociale, economische en bestuurlijke professionals moeten samenwerken. Dit onderzoek richt zicht op boundary spanners, professionals die een sleutelrol spelen in het verbinden van domeinoverstijgende vraagstukken. Met de toename en complexiteit van maatschappelijke vragen in het grootstedelijke domein groeit ook de behoefte aan en het belang van boundary spanners in het realiseren van effectieve samenwerking. Kennis over de effectiviteit van hun werkpraktijken blijft echter achter. Gezien de urgentie van grootstedelijke vraagstukken, is het van groot belang deze kennis te ontwikkelen. De (grootstedelijke) professionals die in de rol van boundary spanner vervullen of die rol ambiëren vragen zich dan ook af: Hoe krijg ik zicht op mijn eigen boundary spanner praktijk als individu of binnen een team werken, welke mogelijke verbeteringen zijn er in ons handelen en wat daarvan is overdraagbaar naar andere professionals en andere situaties? Door deze praktijkvraag te combineren met theoretische kennis vanuit bestuurskunde en verandermanagement, geeft dit onderzoek antwoord op de overkoepelende onderzoeksvraag: Wat zijn de kenmerken van de werkpraktijken waarin (grootstedelijke) professionals, die we kunnen typeren als of boundary spanners, de grenzen tussen domeinen bij grootstedelijke vraagstukken weten te overbruggen? Het onderzoek is een co-creatie van stedelijke professionals in teams van vijf praktijkcases: het programma Haven-Stad (Amsterdam); de regiodeal Den Haag Zuidwest; het project Cruciale Mijl (Amsterdam); Combiwel buurtwerk (Amsterdam) en het team gebiedsadviseurs (Amsterdam), met onderzoekers van de Centres of Expertise van de Hogeschool van Amsterdam en de Haagse Hogeschool. Dit onderzoek expliciteert de werkregels die boundary spanners in staat stelt om domeinoverstijgend te werken en levert op die manier een wezenlijke bijdrage aan het realiseren van deze grootstedelijke vraagstukken.
There is increasing interest for the use of Virtual Reality (VR) in the field of sustainable transportation and urban development. Even though much has been said about the opportunities of using VR technology to enhance design and involve stakeholders in the process, implementations of VR technology are still limited. To bridge this gap, the urban intelligence team of NHTV Breda University of Applied Sciences developed CycleSPEX, a Virtual Reality (VR) simulator for cycling. CycleSpex enables researchers, planners and policy makers to shape a variety of scenarios around knowledge- and design questions and test their impact on users experiences and behaviour, in this case (potential) cyclists. The impact of infrastructure enhancements as well as changes in the surrounding built environment can be tested, analysed an evaluated. The main advantage for planners and policy makers is that the VR environment enables them to test scenarios ex-ante in a safe and controlled setting.“The key to a smart, healthy and safe urban environment lies in engaging mobility. Healthy cities are often characterized by high quality facilities for the active modes. But what contributes to a pleasant cycling experience? CycleSPEX helps us to understand the relations between cyclists on the move and (designed) urban environments”
