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Parallel reality

This past summer, three Belgian intellectuals held a conversation for Open about the renewed attention to the 'makeability' of city and society. Moderated by sociologist Pascal Gielen, philosopher Lieven de Cauter, urban designer Michiel Dehaene and sociologist Rudi Laermans discuss such topics as the limits of the manufacturable society and the role of creativity and science in this.

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12/31/2007

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Airport slots and slot allocation: driver for mismatch between airline network and city needs?

Aviation increasingly faces capacity challenges exposing inefficiencies and shortcomings of aviation related processes and systems. The European slot allocation system was designed in an era with little to no capacity constraints, now resulting in regulations not fitting in today’s developments.

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12/31/2013

Airport slots and slot allocation: driver for mismatch between airline network and city needs?

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Building value-based technology together

Maatschappelijke uitdagingen In toenemende mate vertrouwen we een deel van ethische besluitvorming aan smart-technology toe. Technologie heeft vaker dan ooit een ethische lading. Dit kan soms verregaande consequenties hebben voor consumenten, burgers of organisaties. Hoe zeker moet een algoritme zijn van haar zaak om een burger van fraude te beschuldigen? Hoeveel risico mag een chat-bot die financieel advies geeft een klant laten lopen? Wie mag bepalen hoe een algoritme op een sociaal media platform omgaat met desinformatie? Dergelijke vragen leiden tot belangrijke uitdagingen op het gebied van morele autoriteit, ethische besluitvorming, en morele strategievorming. Strategievorming in snel veranderend speelveld In zijn rede zal Bart pleiten om niet zozeer dé oplossing bij ethisch technologische vraagstukken te vinden, maar vooral een manier te zoeken om op een bestendige manier om te gaan met een snel veranderend speelveld. In veel gevallen lijken oplossingen in zowel de private als publieke sector voor techno-ethische vraagstukken korte-termijn gericht. En zijn het vaak maatregelen die snel en vooral zichtbaar een negatief effect van technologie proberen in te dammen. In zijn lectorale rede zal Bart ingaan op hoe belangrijk het erkennen en herkennen van ethische vraagstukken bij het programmeren van nieuwe technologie is. Maar ook hoe men de menselijke maat kan vangen én gebruiken als input in het ontwerp van nieuwe technologie. Er is volgens hem vooral een bestendige strategie nodig.

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01/19/2022

Building value-based technology together

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De corporatie als katalysator

In discussies en onderzoeken over woningcorporaties ligt de nadruk sterk op de 'institutionele vraagstukken'. Binnen welk regulerend kader moeten corporaties opereren? Welke wettelijke status moeten of mogen zij hebben? Wat moeten zij, mogen zij wel en mogen zij niet? Er is relatief weinig onderzoek gedaan naar de invulling van het ondernemen zelf: welke missie heeft een maatschappelijk ondernemende woningcorporatie en hoe kan zij haar organisatie zo inrichten dat zij die missie kan vervullen? Binnen de onderzoeksgroep MOVe van de TU Delft is daarom een studie verricht met als doel te komen tot richtinggevende uitspraken over de rol van corporaties als maatschappelijke onderneming en daarvan afgeleide uitdagingen voor hun organisatie. Dit essay is gebaseerd op deze studie.

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12/31/2011

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Money after Money: disassembling Value/Information Infrastructures

This book is a journey through coexisting, emerging or speculated about, types of digital value transfer infrastructures. Using digital value transfer infrastructures as a central case study, this thesis is concerned with unpacking the negotiation processes that shape the governance, design and political purposes of digital infrastructures that are closely linked to the public interest and state sovereignty. In particular, the papers that are assembled in this manuscript identify and inspect three main socio-technical developments occurring in the domain of value transfer technologies: a) the privatization and platformization of digital payment infrastructures; b) the spread of blockchain-based digital value transfer infrastructures; c) the construction of digital value transfer infrastructures as public utilities, from the part of public institutions or organizations. Concerned with the relationship between law, discourse and technological development, the thesis explores four transversal issues that strike differences and peculiarities of these three scenarios: i) privacy; ii) the synergy and mutual influence of legal change and technological development in the construction of digital infrastructures; iii) the role of socio-technical imaginaries in policy-making concerned with digital infrastructures; iv) the geography and scale of digital infrastructures. The analyses lead to the argument that, in the co-development of legal systems and digital infrastructures that are core to public life, conflicts are productive. Negotiations, ruptures and exceptions are constitutive of the unending process of mutual reinforcement, and mutual containment, in which a plurality of agencies – expressed through legal institutions, symbolic systems, as well as information and media structures – are entangled.

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12/31/2022

Money after Money: disassembling Value/Information Infrastructures

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First User Experiences and Well-being Effects of the NDSM Wharf Waterfront Transformation in Amsterdam

Western cities are rapidly densifying, and new building typologies are beinginvented to mitigate high-rise and balance residential, commercial andrecreational functions. This vertical urbanization requires rethinking thetraditional design of public space to promote citizens’ well-being. While the scarce studies on high-rise environments indicate several risks, including social fragmentation and privatization of public functions (Henderson-Wilson 2008; Love et al., 2014), mental stress and undermining attention restoration (Mazumder et al., 2020; Lindal & Hartig 2013), evidence on the potential salutary and mitigating effects of architectural design qualities is limited (Suurenbroek & Spanjar 2023).The Building for Well-being research project combines biometric and socialdata-collection techniques to address this gap. It builds on studies investigatinghow built environments allow user engagement (Mallgrave 2013; Simpson2018) and afford important activities (Gibson 1966). This case study focuseson the experiences of predominant users of the NDSM Wharf in Amsterdamas it is transformed from a post-industrial site into a high-density, mixeduseneighborhood. Using eye-tracking, field and laboratory-based surveys, itexplores how residents, passers-by and visitors visually experience, appreciateand perceive the restorative value of the wharf’s recently developed urbanspaces.Thirty-six university students were randomly recruited as test subjects for thelaboratory test and assigned to one of the three user groups. The residentand passer-by groups were primed for familiarity. Each group was assigneda distinct walking mode and participants were told to imagine they werestrolling (residents), rushing (passers-by) or exploring (visitors). The exposuretime to visual stimuli of participants was five seconds per image. Afterwards,they reported on the perceived restorative quality of ten urban spaces,focusing on: (1) sense of being away, (2) level of complexity-compatibilityand (3) fascination, based on an adapted Restorative Components Scale (RCS,Yin et al. 2022; Laumann et al. 2001). Self-reported appreciation per scenewas measured on a 10-point Likert scale and subjects indicated elements inthe ten urban spaces they liked or disliked (see Figure 1). A semi-structuredon-site survey was also carried out to investigate user experiences furtherand for triangulation. Thirty-one users, consisting of residents, passers-byand visitors to the NDSM Wharf, rated their appreciation of the site and itsperceived restorative and design qualities (following Ewing & Clemente, 2013)on a 10-point Likert scale.The meta-data analysis of RCS statistics, appreciation values, eye-trackingmetrics and heatmaps reveals distinct visual patterns among user groups. Thispoints to the influence of environmental tasks and roles (see Figure 2). Strollingand exploring resulted in a comprehensive visual exploration of scenes with ahigher mean total fixation count and shorter mean total fixation duration thangoal-oriented walking. It suggests that walking mode determines the level ofopenness to the environment and that architectural attributes can also steervisual exploration. Scenes with the highest appreciation scores correlatedwith the RCS outcomes. They displayed coherence and opportunities forsocial engagement, contrasting with scenes with inconsistent industrial andcontemporary features. These findings provide spatial designers with insightsinto the subliminal experiences of predominant user groups to promote wellbeing in urban transformation.

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09/12/2023

First User Experiences and Well-being Effects of the NDSM Wharf Waterfront Transformation in Amsterdam

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Climbing the hills of Bilderberg

Artikel student Hoger Hotel Onderwijs. Beoordeling: 8.

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02/28/2011

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E-health business model dynamics in long term care: case studies in the Dutch market

Full text via link One of the most important drivers of change in the health care sector is the desire of elderly people to age in place. The growing use of internet applications and communication technology together with innovations in buildings have created new commercial opportunities to cater the demands of elderly to grow old in their home environment. Many of these opportunities are facilitated by institutional changes like deregulation and privatization, and benefit from globalization, for example trough stronger incentives for innovation and domestic implementation of ideas that arise in foreign markets

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12/31/2011

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The application of arbitration in transnational private regulation

This paper investigates the prospective application of arbitration by Transnational Private Regulation (TPR). It builds on the study of TPR developed by Fabrizio Cafaggi et al. TPR addresses the ever-increasing transfer of regulatory power from national to global levels, and from public to private regulators. TPR entails private regulatory co-operation be-yond the jurisdictional boundaries of States through voluntary standards. The regimes of TPR are built by a variety of actors, such as companies, NGOs, independent experts, and epistemic communities. Examples of TPR can be found in food safety, forestry management, trade, and derivatives, among other fields. More specifically, they concern private actors engaging in transnational coordination of standard setting such as the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) that was developed to foster responsible management of the world’s forests. There are four main characteristics of TPR: legitimacy, quality, effectiveness, and enforcement. I will describe those four characteristics in brief here. First, the legitimacy of TPR is built around consent through voluntary entry, participation, and exit of regulated entities. Important to this contribution is that the legitimacy of TPR goes beyond its legal dimension, measured by purely legal standards. Hence, the legitimacy of TPR is largely determined by standards developed by social and economic institutions relevant to specific TPR regimes. The role of those institutions in standard settings is higher in private TPR regimes than private-public TPR regimes, where some forms of compliance are mandatory. Second, the quality of TPR corresponds to the ex ante and ex post evaluation cycle of regulatory processes. It is also linked with the transparency of TPR. Third, the effectiveness of TPR is measured according to the extent to which the objectives of TPR (or selected TPR regimes) are met. And finally, enforcement of TPRis understood as ‘ensuring compliance with commitments’. Enforcement of TPR can take place through courts, administrative agencies, and private dispute resolution—including the arbitration at the core of this contribution. Cafaggi’s study identified rather selective use of arbitration in TPR, but also recommended changes to make arbitration law more adaptable to TPR. Furthermore, the study recommended that more specialized dispute resolution institutions are created to exclusively serve TPR. Against this background, I shift the main focus of analysis from TPR to arbitration. Whereas Cafaggi argued that arbitration may be suitable for TPR as a means of private enforcement, in this paper I go even further, arguing that arbitration as a means of informal, out-of-court dispute resolution is well suited to strengthen the normativity of TPR. This is so because private arbitration actors (including, inter alia, arbitrators and arbitral institutions) are already equipped with the tools necessary to facilitate cross-border TPR, which is done through informal standards and procedures with origins in the communitarian values and reputational mechanisms used by different communities before the development of modern States. The roots of most private justice regimes—including arbitration—are informed by communitarian values such as collaboration, participation, and personal trust. Those values, together with other core characteristics of arbitration correspond to all core characteristics of TPR, making both systems comparable and complementary. The analytical framework incorporated in this paper follows the four core characteristics of TPR. Hence, the paper is organized into five sections. The first section contains the introduction. In the second section, I analyze the legitimacy of arbitration vis-à-vis the legitimacy of TPR. In the third section, I investigate the accountability of arbitration as a means of quality signaling vis-à-vis TPR. In the fourth section, I focus on the remedies available to arbitrators in a view of TPR’s effectiveness. Finally, in the fifth section, I analyze enforcement through arbitration and its impact on the exclusiveness versus complementarity of TPR regimes. Conclusions follow, including recommendations for future research. Part of topic "The blurring distinction between public and private in international dispute resolution"

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09/29/2020

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Parallel reality

Airport slots and slot allocation: driver for mismatch between airline network and city needs?

Building value-based technology together

De corporatie als katalysator

Money after Money: disassembling Value/Information Infrastructures

First User Experiences and Well-being Effects of the NDSM Wharf Waterfront Transformation in Amsterdam

Climbing the hills of Bilderberg

E-health business model dynamics in long term care: case studies in the Dutch market

The application of arbitration in transnational private regulation

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