Abstract Background: The generalist-plus-specialist palliative care model is endorsed worldwide. In the Netherlands, the competencies and profile of the generalist provider of palliative care has been described on all professional levels in nursing and medicine. However, there is no clear description of what specialized expertise in palliative care entails, whereas this is important in order for generalists to know who they can consult in complex palliative care situations and for timely referral of patients to palliative care specialists. Objective: To gain insight in the roles and competencies attributed to palliative care specialists as opposed to generalists. Methods: A scoping review was completed based on PRISMA-ScR guidelines to explore the international literature on the role and competence description of specialist and expert care professionals in palliative care. Databases Embase.com, Medline (Ovid), CINAHL (Ebsco) and Web of Science Core Collection were consulted. The thirty-nine included articles were independently screened, reviewed and charted. Thematic codes were attached based on two main outcomes roles and competencies. Results: Five roles were identified for the palliative care specialist: care provider, care consultant, educator, researcher and advocate. Leadership qualities are found to be pivotal for every role. The roles were further specified with competencies that emerged from the analysis. The title, roles and competencies attributed to the palliative care specialist can mostly be applied to both medical and nursing professionals. Discussion: The roles and competencies derived from this scoping review correspond well with the seven fields of competence for medical/nursing professionals in health care of the CanMEDS guide. A specialist is not only distinguished from a generalist on patient-related care activities but also on an encompassing level. Clarity on what it entails to be a specialist is important for improving education and training for specialists. Conclusion: This scoping review adds to our understanding of what roles and competencies define the palliative care specialist. This is important to strengthen the position of the specialist and their added value to generalists in a generalist-plus-specialist model
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Background: In Europe, cardiovascular disease is one of the predominant causes of mortality and morbidity among older people over 65 years. The occurrence of cardiovascular disease can have a negative impact on the quality of life of older patients and their families and family health overall. Assuming that illness is a family affair shaped by culture and health care systems, we explored European health care practices and interventions toward families of older patients with cardiovascular disease and heart failure.Aims: This paper aimed to determine the extent, range, and variety of practices and interventions in Europe directed to families of older patients and to identify knowledge gaps.Materials & Methods: A scoping review was conducted including studies published in Medline, CINHAL, or Cochrane library between 2009 and mid-2020.Results: A total of 22 articles from 17 studies were included, showing diverse practices and interventions. The interventions targeted the family as a unit (six studies), dyads (five studies), patients alone, but assessed family members’ reactions (five studies) or the family member primarily, but assessed the reaction of the patient (one study). Target outcomes were family caregiver burden; health-related QoL; and perceived control in patients; and family functioning and changes in health behavior or knowledge in both, family members and patients. Most studies did not include an integral view of the family as the unit of care but rather had a disease-centered approach.Discussion: This scoping review provides insight into a variety of healthcarepractices towards families of older patients with cardiovascular disease in Europe. Clarifying underlying assumptions to involve families is needed. More studies with family-focused approaches as integral models could lead to practices that improve families’ well-being. Exploring integral models for their acceptance in health care and family systems appears pertinent to develop European policy to support and add to family health.
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Developmental Transformations (DvT), a practice involving interactive, improvisational play in pairs or groups, has gained international appeal as a therapeutic intervention for different populations in a variety of health, care and recreational contexts. However, a rigorous review of the benefits of DvT has not been conducted. The purpose of this study was to review extant literature for the observed benefits of DvT, identify gaps in the literature and make recommendations concerning future research including identifying possible areas for outcome measurement for preliminary studies. The authors, who each completed training in this approach, conducted a scoping review of English-language, published, peer-reviewed and grey DvT literature through 2021. From an initial 745 records retrieved through databases and a manual search, 51 publications met criteria, which, when analysed using in-vivo and pattern coding, resulted in a total of seventeen categories of observed benefits ascribed to DvT. These included six general categories – relational, emotional, social, cognitive, behavioural and physical benefits – and eleven complex categories of benefits to participants across the lifespan. In addition to benefits for participants, benefits of DvT were also observed and reported for facilitators, therapists, teachers and supervisors engaged in this practice. This review revealed inconsistencies regarding the reporting of practitioner training, frequency, format, population, intended goals, assessment measures and outcomes. Future studies with increased experimental rigor, standardized outcome measures and consistent reporting are recommended.
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Begin 2022 heeft het Kenniscentrum Sociale Innovatie een drietal brainstormbijeenkomsten georganiseerd met experts op het gebied van ervaringsdeskundigheid. Aan deze bijeenkomsten namen o.a. hoogleraren, onderzoekers, ervaringsdeskundige beleidsmedewerkers en zorgverzekeraar deel. Uit deze bijeenkomsten volgde de concrete opdracht om literatuuronderzoek te doen naar de evidentie van ervaringsdeskundigheid (waarde, effect en werkzame elementen).Doel Zicht krijgen op de evidentie van ervaringsdeskundigheid in diverse contexten middels een scoping review. Resultaten Overzicht over bestaande evidentie van ervaringsdeskundigheid beschreven in een publicatie. Looptijd 01 mei 2022 - 01 december 2022 Aanpak Er zal literatuuronderzoek in de vorm van een scoping review worden uitgevoerd. Samenwerking met kennispartners Movisie Lectoraat GGZ en Samenleving van het Windesheim Trimbos InBegrepen
Begin 2022 heeft het Kenniscentrum Sociale Innovatie een drietal brainstormbijeenkomsten georganiseerd met experts op het gebied van ervaringsdeskundigheid. Aan deze bijeenkomsten namen o.a. hoogleraren, onderzoekers, ervaringsdeskundige beleidsmedewerkers en zorgverzekeraar deel. Uit deze bijeenkomsten volgde de concrete opdracht om literatuuronderzoek te doen naar de evidentie van ervaringsdeskundigheid (waarde, effect en werkzame elementen).
Al op jonge leeftijd herkennen kinderen verschillen tussen mensen, vanaf de kleuterleeftijd beginnen ze daar ook oordelen aan te koppelen. Juist daarom is het belangrijk dat kinderen op de basisschool begeleid worden in het bespreken en verkennen van verschil. Die opdracht voor scholen wordt versterkt door de recent aangescherpte wettelijke kaders voor het burgerschapsonderwijs, wat ‘kennis over’ en ‘respect voor’ een breed scala aan maatschappelijk relevante verschillen voorschrijft als leerdoel. Hoewel leerkrachten en schoolleiders dit leerdoel over het algemeen lijken te onderschrijven, is er sprake van handelingsverlegenheid mede door een gebrek aan zicht op geschikte onderwijsmethoden voor de doelgroep. Dat geldt in het bijzonder voor verschil in afkomst, levensbeschouwing en seksuele oriëntatie. Binnen dit project is het doel om op basis van wetenschappelijke literatuur een praktisch bruikbaar overzicht te ontwikkelen van onderwijsmethoden om de genoemde verschillen met leerlingen te bespreken en te verkennen. Om goed aan te kunnen sluiten bij de leeftijd en behoeften van leerlingen, zullen aan het overzicht ook methoden om de houdingen van leerlingen rondom deze verschillen in kaart te brengen worden toegevoegd. De bruikbaarheid van het ontwikkelde overzicht zal zowel op de Pabo als op twee basisscholen worden getoetst. Het project is een samenwerking tussen het Lectoraat Burgerschapsonderwijs, de Pabo, twee Amsterdamse basisscholen, Bureau Common Ground (CG) en de Universiteit Utrecht.
