Stormwater flooding and thermal stresses of citizens are two important phenomena for most of the dense urban area. Due to the climate change, these two phenomena will occur more frequently and cause serious problems. Therefore, the sectors for public health and disaster management should be able to assess the vulnerability to stormwater flooding and thermal stress. To achieve this goal, two cities in different climate regions and with different urban context have been selected as the pilot areas, i.eY., Tainan, Taiwan and Groningen, Netherlands. Stormwater flooding and thermal stress maps will be produced for both cities for further comparison. The flooding map indicates vulnerable low lying areas, where the thermal stress map indicates high Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) values (thermal comfort) in open areas without shading. The combined map indicates the problem areas of flooding and thermal stress and can be used by urban planners and other stakeholders to improve the living environment.
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Climate change and urbanization will increase the frequency and magnitude of urban flooding and water quality problems in many regions of the world. In coastal and delta areas like The Netherlands and the Philippines, where urbanization is often high, there has been an increase in the adoption of sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS). SUDS are installed around the world with the expectation to reduce urban flooding and reduce the pollution impact on receiving waters. Most cities in Asia are starting to implement SUDS as their strategy to make their cities sustainable and resilient.The combination of SUDS with appropriate wastewater treatment and management systems have the potential to be multifunctional in alleviating flood run-off, improving water quality, alleviating heat stress and as a source for reusing the stormwater and wastewater.Since the earliest SUDS are implemented in Europe decades ago it is advised to use the lessons learnt in this process. International knowledge exchange is promoted in projects as IWASTO where several organisations from the Philippines and The Netherlands join forces on a specific region as the Pateros riverin Manila with the aim to minimise the pollution impact on this receiving water. The first findings of this project related to storm water and wastewater management are presented in this paper. In this stage of the project high level support models that map the challenges in the city (such as flooding and heatstress) arevaluable tools for implementing cost effective sustainable drainage for improving water quality.
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Music interventions are used for stress reduction in a variety of settings because of the positive effects of music listening on both physiological arousal (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure, and hormonal levels) and psychological stress experiences (e.g., restlessness, anxiety, and nervousness). To summarize the growing body of empirical research, two multilevel meta-analyses of 104 RCTs, containing 327 effect sizes and 9,617 participants, were performed to assess the strength of the effects of music interventions on both physiological and psychological stress-related outcomes, and to test the potential moderators of the intervention effects. Results showed that music interventions had an overall significant effect on stress reduction in both physiological (d = .380) and psychological (d = .545) outcomes. Further, moderator analyses showed that the type of outcome assessment moderated the effects of music interventions on stress-related outcomes. Larger effects were found on heart rate (d = .456), compared to blood pressure (d = .343) and hormone levels (d = .349). Implications for stress-reducing music interventions are discussed.
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Worldwide, coral reefs are rapidly declining due to increased sea water temperatures and other environmental stresses (Figure 1). To counter the extinction of major coral reef building species on the island of Bonaire, the non-profit organization Reef Renewal Foundation Bonaire is restoring degraded reef sites using corals that are grown in local nurseries. In these nurseries, corals are propagated on artificial trees using fragmentation. After 6-8 months of growth in the nursery, the corals are transplanted to degraded reef sites around the island. Over the years more than 21.000 corals have been outplanted to reef restoration sites in this way. These corals show high survivorship under natural reef conditions but remain under threat by environmental disturbances, such as increased water temperatures, diseases, and competition with macroalgae. A promising intervention to increase reef persistence and resilience is to manipulate the coral-associated microbiome. At present, the composition of the microbiome in nursery-reared and outplanted corals on Bonaire is unknown. The aim of the current project is to identify and isolate naturally occurring beneficial bacteria that may stimulate the resilience of these corals. Our key objectives are: 1) to assess the presence of functionally beneficial bacteria in corals in nursery and restoration sites on Bonaire using metagenomic screening. 2) to design culture strategies to isolate these functionally beneficial bacteria. In the future, a selection of these beneficial bacteria can be applied to the corals to increase their resilience against environmental disturbances.
Due to the existing pressure for a more rational use of the water, many public managers and industries have to re-think/adapt their processes towards a more circular approach. Such pressure is even more critical in the Rio Doce region, Minas Gerais, due to the large environmental accident occurred in 2015. Cenibra (pulp mill) is an example of such industries due to the fact that it is situated in the river basin and that it has a water demanding process. The current proposal is meant as an academic and engineering study to propose possible solutions to decrease the total water consumption of the mill and, thus, decrease the total stress on the Rio Doce basin. The work will be divided in three working packages, namely: (i) evaluation (modelling) of the mill process and water balance (ii) application and operation of a pilot scale wastewater treatment plant (iii) analysis of the impacts caused by the improvement of the process. The second work package will also be conducted (in parallel) with a lab scale setup in The Netherlands to allow fast adjustments and broaden evaluation of the setup/process performance. The actions will focus on reducing the mill total water consumption in 20%.
Professionals van het Wetterskip, gemeenten, provincie en natuurorganisaties hebben de vraag gesteld hoe het watersysteem in Noordoost Fryslân duurzamer en toekomstbestendiger kan worden gemaakt. In dit RAAK Publiek project verricht hogeschool VHL samen met deze professionals en met kennispartners onderzoek naar dit vraagstuk. De ?houdbaarheidsdatum? van het traditionele waterbeheer lijkt bereikt. Traditioneel afwateren en ontwateren heeft geleid tot maaivelddaling in de veenweidegebieden, en daaraan gerelateerde CO2-uitstoot en uitspoeling van nutriënten in het grond- en oppervlaktewater. Gevolg is een verlies aan waterbergingscapaciteit en een achteruitgang van de waterkwaliteit. Bij zware regenval is het moeilijk om het water nog te bergen en af te voeren om wateroverlast te voorkomen. Bij droogte ontstaan veel sneller dan voorheen watertekorten. Ook staan daardoor veel unieke ecologische waarden in de veenweidegebieden onderzoek druk of zijn verdwenen. Klimaatveranderingen versterken deze problematiek. In het project wordt kennis ontwikkeld over een klimaatadaptief watersysteem in veengebieden en nieuwe vormen van waterbeheer, functies en functiecombinaties en de relatie met het meer toekomstbestendig maken van het watersysteem (flexibel waterpeil, berging in een natuurgebied, natte teelt, natuurvriendelijke oevers, etc.). Dit wordt gedaan door met elkaar en met andere actoren uit de regionale samenleving a) het watersysteem te onderzoeken en b) te experimenteren met innovatief waterbeheer in het gebied. De onderzoeksvraag is: In welke mate dragen nieuwe vormen van duurzaam, slim waterbeheer bij aan de toekomstbestendigheid van het watersysteem in Noordoost Fryslân? Het project levert voor de waterbeheerders, planologen, natuurbeheerders en andere betrokken professionals een digitaal handboek, bestaande uit een analyse van het watersysteem in het gebied, een klimaatstresstest, een gidsmodel voor het vasthouden en schoonhouden van water, beschreven innovatieve oplossingsrichtingen, een 3D animatie, een participatieve handreiking met ontwerprichtlijnen, beschreven ervaringen en enkele toekomstscenario?s voor het gebied. Dit alles wordt gekoppeld aan een veldwerkplaats en kennismanagementsysteem.
