Imagery Rehearsal Therapy (IRT) is effective for trauma-related nightmares and is also a challenge to patients in finding access to their traumatic memories, because these are saved in non-verbal, visual, or audiovisual language. Art therapy (AT) is an experiential treatment that addresses images rather than words. This study investigates the possibility of an IRT-AT combination. Systematic literature review and field research was conducted, and the integration of theoretical and practice-based knowledge resulted in a framework for Imagery Rehearsal-based Art Therapy (IR-AT). The added value of AT in IRT appears to be more readily gaining access to traumatic experiences, living through feelings, and breaking through avoidance. Exposure and re-scripting take place more indirectly, experientially and sometimes in a playlike manner using art assignments and materials. In the artwork, imagination, play and fantasy offer creative space to stop the vicious circle of nightmares by changing theme, story line, ending, or any part of the dream into a more positive and acceptable one. IR-AT emerges as a promising method for treatment, and could be especially useful for patients who benefit least from verbal exposure techniques. This description of IR-AT offers a base for further research.
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This article focuses on the role of the artistic process in connecting to the natural environment. In my research I have explored what participants experience and learn when they engage in different types of arts-based environmental education (AEE) practices that I have facilitated. The premise of AEE is that efforts to learn about our (natural) environment can effectively take their starting point in an artistic activity, usually conducted in groups. I found that, on the whole, two major orientations can be distinguished. One starts from the point of aesthetic sensibility: the tuning in with the senses, or with ‘a new organ of perception’ (Goethe), in order to perceive ‘the more than human’ with fresh new eyes. This tradition can be traced back (but is by no means limited) to the Romantic Movement. Art in this context may help to amplify the receptivity of the senses and strengthen a sense of connectedness to the natural world. The other major orientation in seeking bridges between nature and art builds on a view of artistic process as leading to unexpected outcomes and ‘emergent properties’. The fundamentally singular experience of making a work of art may evoke an aesthetic object that becomes a ‘self-sufficient, spiritually breathing subject’ (Kandinsky). The artwork can be spontaneously generative and multilayered with meanings, some of which may even be ambiguous and paradoxical. But perhaps more importantly: it can catch the participant of an AEE activity by surprise, overwhelm him or her as ‘coming from behind one’s back’. The element of improvisation, of taking in the new and unanticipated and accommodating for it, is the core quality here. These two orientations, when practiced as part of AEE, have implications on how we relate to nature through art. In the closing of this article I address the question of whether it is possible to bridge the dualism between the two orientations.
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The divide between us and the rest of nature has been attributed to various rootcauses: the growing disenchantment of the world, the loss of direct experience andlately the replacement of the real with simulations of it. Modernity's move away fromthe natural world has also generated countervailing movements, beginning with theRomantics and leading up to the manifold forms of environmental education in ourtimes. When we seek to reconnect to the natural world through an open-ended artistic process, what happens? In this thesis, Jan van Boeckel explores the kind of learning that takes place through arts-based environmental education.
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How can the teaching of biology contribute to sustainability education? The authors of this article suggest that their approach has the potential to increase the students' level of engagement with the natural environment. The scope of biology teaching can be widened by allowing room for more experience and art-based activities. Such a change may deepen and expand the learners' insights in natural phenomena, which in turn might foster or enhance an attitude of care-taking for the natural environment.
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Formal elements are often used in art therapy assessment. The assumption is that formal elements are observable aspects of the art product that allow reliable and valid assessment of clients’ mental health. Most of the existing art therapy assessment instruments are based on clinical expertise. Therefore, it is not clear to what degree these instruments are restricted to formal elements. Other aspects might also be included, such as clinical expertise of the therapist. This raises the question of whether and how formal elements as observable aspects of the art product are related to clients’ mental health. To answer this question, four studies are presented that look at: (1) a meta-theoretical description of formal elements; (2) operationalization of these formal elements so they can be analyzed reliably in clients’ art products; (3) establishment of reliable and clinically relevant formal elements; (4) the relationship between formal elements and adult clients’ mental health. Results show that the combination of the formal elements “movement,” “dynamic,” and “contour” are significantly interrelated and related to clients’ mental health, i.e., psychopathology, psychological flexibility, experiential avoidance, and adaptability. These findings give insight in the diagnostic value of art products and how they may add to clients’ verbal expression and indicate their potential to benefit from therapy.
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Research showed that more than 30% of patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) do not benefit from evidence- based treatments: Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) or Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). These are patients with prolonged and multiple traumatization, with poor verbal memory, and patients with emotional over-modulation. Retelling traumatic experiences in detail is poorly tolerated by these patients and might be a reason for not starting or not completing the recommended treatments. Due to lack of evidence, no alternative treatments are recommended yet. Art therapy may offer an alternative and suitable treatment, because the nonverbal and experiential character of art therapy appears to be an appropriate approach to the often wordless and visual nature of traumatic memories. The objective of this pilot study was to test the acceptability, feasibility, and applicability of trauma-focused art therapy for adults with PTSD due to multiple and prolonged traumatization (patients with early childhood traumatization and refugees from different cultures). Another objective was to identify the preliminary effectiveness of art therapy. Results showed willingness to participate and adherence to treatment of patients. Therapists considered trauma-focused art therapy feasible and applicable and patients reported beneficial effects, such as more relaxation, externalization of memories and emotions into artwork, less intrusive thoughts of traumatic experiences and more confidence in the future. The preliminary findings on PTSD symptom severity showed a decrease of symptoms in some participants, and an increase of symptoms in other participants. Further research into the effectiveness of art therapy and PTSD is needed.
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This project was a basis of a toolbox for Personal Development coaches. The Sound Based Microinterventions toolbox was designed by Kasia, researcher of the Authentic Leadership Research Group, drawing from her extensive professional training and experience in music and composition. The development process integrated several key elements from established methodologies and Kasia's own innovative approaches: • The toolbox incorporates principles of Eurythmics, a method developed by Jacques Dalcroze. This approach emphasizes the connection between music and movement, helping students to develop a deeper understanding of rhythm and musical expression through physical movement. • Various vocal techniques are included to enhance self-awareness and emotional expression. These exercises are designed to improve vocal projection, articulation, and emotional resonance, providing students with tools to better express themselves and manage their emotions. • Liz Lerman's Critical Response Process is a structured method for giving and receiving feedback on creative works. It involves a series of steps that encourage constructive dialogue and reflection, helping students to develop critical thinking and communication skills. • Kasia has integrated her own elements from years of experience teaching music and composition. These personalized techniques are aimed at fostering creativity, self-awareness, and resilience among students.
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The “Age-Friendly Cities & Communities: States of the Art and Future Perspectives”publication presents contemporary, innovative, and insightful narratives, debates, and frameworks based on an international collection of papers from scholars spanning the fields of gerontology, social sciences, architecture, computer science, and gerontechnology. This extensive collection of papers aims to move the narrative and debates forward in this interdisciplinary field of age-friendly cities and communities. CC BY-NC-ND Book CC BY Chapters © 2021 by the authors Original book at: https://doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-0365-1226-6 (This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue Feature Papers "Age-Friendly Cities & Communities: State of the Art and Future Perspectives" that was published in IJERPH)
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Wageningen wordt vanwege haar geschiedenis in de Tweede Wereldoorlog ook wel de ‘Stad van de vrijheid’ genoemd, wat er mogelijk toe bijdraagt dat de gemeente erg ruimhartig is met het opvangen van vluchtelingen. De stad ligt in een typisch Nederlands fiets- en waterlandschap. Vrijwilligers van ‘Welkom in Wageningen’ bieden doorlopend fietslessen aan, en in de warme zomers zijn de strandjes aan de Nederrijn een geliefde plek waar veel Wageningers en vluchtelingen naartoe trekken om te zwemmen en te recreëren. Zwemmen wordt gedoogd, maar het is niet zonder gevaar. Veel vluchtelingen kunnen niet/slecht zwemmen en onderschatten het risico van zwemmen in de rivier. Het project WoW! Wageningen richtte zich daarom op veilig en inclusief sporten en bewegen in de openbare ruimte en bestaat uit twee projectdelen. Deelproject I ‘Water of Wageningen!’ leverde een kennisbundeling (iPDF) op van bestaande materialen en interventies. Het voorziet in een advies voor een doeltreffende, duurzame en attractieve werkwijze om voorlichting te geven over zwemmen in natuurwater en te wijzen op de gevaren van het zwemmen in de rivier. Ook is een poster met QR-code naar de iPDF ontwikkeld zodat de iPDF beschikbaar en bekend blijft voor COA-medewerkers, ook als er personele wisselingen plaatsvinden. Deelproject II ‘W on Wheels!’ heeft met een art-based research methode de betekenisverlening van de vluchtelingen die deelnamen aan de fietslessen onderzocht. Tijdens een slotbijeenkomst zijn hun video's gedeeld en waren onder andere vluchtelingen, beleidsmedewerker van de gemeente, fietslesvrijwilligers en COA-medewerker aanwezig. Deze creatieve methode gaf vluchtelingen een stem richting de beleidsmedewerkers en tijdens de slotbijeenkomst kwamen verdiepende gesprekken op gang tussen de vluchtelingen en andere aanwezigen.
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