Engineering students have to learn to create robust solutions in professional contexts where new technologies emerge constantly and sometimes disrupt entire industries. The question rises if universities design curricula that enable engineering students to acquire these cognitive skills. The Cynefin Framework (Kurtz & Snowden, 2003; Snowden & Boone, 2007) can be used to typify four complexity contexts a system or organisation can be found in: chaos, complex, complicated and obvious.The Cynefin framework made it possible to create the research question for a case-study: To what extend does the Business Engineering curriculum enable bachelors to find business solutions in the complexity contexts of the Cynefin framework? The results show that 80% of the methods are suitable for complicated contexts and no distinction is made between contexts. This means students are taught to approach most contexts in the same way and are not made aware of differences between the contexts. Making sense of the methods in the curriculum with the Cynefin framework was insightful and suggestions for improvement and further research could be substantiated
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Due to fast and unpredictable developments, professional education is challenged with being responsive, which demands a rethinking of conventional curriculum development approaches. Yet, literature on curriculum development falls short in terms of recognising how to react rapidly and adequately to these new developments. This study focuses on curriculum development initiatives at the school level in a Dutch university of applied sciences. Open interviews were held with 29 curriculum developers to explore how they define and give substance to developing curricula for new, changing or unpredictable professions. These 29 participants were involved in seven curriculum development trajectories. Four themes were detected: (1) curriculum developers are in favour of open, flexible and authentic curricula; (2) the context in which the curriculum development takes place and the different roles and responsibilities of curriculum developers are challenging; (3) curriculum developers feel insufficiently equipped to carry out their tasks; and (4) involving stakeholders is necessary but results in a “viscous” social–political process. Responsive curriculum development requires a great deal of flexibility and adaptability from curriculum developers. Yet, in our study, “institutional concrete” is found to severely hinder responsive curriculum development processes. To be responsive, such processes need to be supported and institutional barriers need to be removed.
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Scheikundeleraren die actief zijn binnen het voorbereidend hoger onderwijs krijgen in toenemende mate te maken met 'nieuwe scheikunde'. Het betreft een landelijke onderwijsinnovatie waarin het scheikundeonderwijs voor havo en vwo vanaf klas 3 wordt getransformeerd naar een 'context based' onderwijsprogramma. De oorsprong van de innovatie ligt in de problemen die veel docenten ervoeren met de inhoud en vorm van het scheikundecurriculum voor de tweede fase (Bulte, Carelsen, Davids, Morélis, Jansen-Ligthelm, Pilot, Velthorst & De Vos, 2000). De Nederlandse situatie is hierin niet uniek; in tal van andere landen zijn soortgelijke analyses initiatieven ontstaan voor de ontwikkeling van 'context based chemistry education' (zie bijvoorbeeld Bennett & Lubben, 2006; Parchmann, Gräsel, Baer, Peter Nentwig, Demuth, & Ralle, 2006; Schwartz, 2006). Onder regie van het SLO en vooruitlopend op het nieuwe eindexamenprogramma dat dit jaar wordt vastgesteld, hebben scholen c.q. scheikundeleraren tot dusver de vrijheid gehad om al dan niet te participeren in de ontwikkeling en implementatie van één of meer modules 'nieuwe scheikunde'. In 2011 wordt nieuwe eindexamenprogramma's vastgesteld waarin de nieuwe scheikunde is verwerkt. De urgentie voor lerarenopleidingen scheikunde om in hun onderwijsprogramma's ruimte te maken voor onderdelen waarin studenten competenties ontwikkelen aangaande nieuwe scheikunde is dan ook hoog. In een praktijkonderzoek onder studenten van de M.Ed.-lerarenopleiding scheikunde van Fontys Lerarenopleiding Tilburg waarin, parallel aan een vakdidactiekmodule over nieuwe scheikunde, wordt in eerste instantie verkend hoe zij 'context based' scheikundeonderwijs in algemene zin percipiëren (1). In de onderzoeksliteratuur worden die opvattingen in veel gevallen verbonden met de verschillende 'curriculum emphases' zoals worden onderscheiden door Roberts en Östman (1998). Daarom is ervoor gekozen om ook de opvattingen van de betrokken studenten over de wenselijkheid van de verschillende curriculum emphases na te gaan (2). Tot slot is onderzocht hoe de betrokken studenten hun opvattingen over context based chemieonderwijs in algemene zin en die over nieuwe scheikunde in het bijzonder rapporteren in een essay dat zij schreven als eindproduct voor de module (3). Het onderzoek is parallel uitgevoerd aan één van de modules vakdidactiek zoals die worden verzorgd aan de M.Ed. lerarenopleiding scheikunde. Deze module had expliciet betrekking op het opbouwen van kennis en het aansluitend ontwikkelen van professionele opvattingen over context based chemie-onderwijs en de ontstaansgeschiedenis, uitgangspunten en implicaties van nieuwe scheikunde. De module is gevolgd door 24 studenten. Onderzoeksgegevens zijn verzameld op drie verschillende manieren. De opvattingen van de studenten over context based chemieonderwijs zijn geïnventariseerd aan de hand van een vragenlijst bestaande uit 14 stellingen waarbij studenten met een vijfpunts Likertschaal steeds konden aangeven in hoeverre zij zich konden vinden in een stelling. Ook zijn gegevens op soortgelijke manier verzameld betreffende de voorkeur van studenten voor de verschillende curriculum emphases. Verder zijn kwalitatieve onderzoeksgegevens verzameld doordat elk van de studenten een essay schreef over context based scheikundeonderwijs en nieuwe scheikunde. Uit de resultaten blijk dat de meeste studenten geen uitgesproken voorstanders zijn van één enkele curriculum emphasis. Over het geheel genomen scoort 'Solid foundation' het hoogst en 'Companion meanings' het laagst. In de essays zijn opvattingen van studenten terug te vinden over een aantal aspecten van context based scheikundeonderwijs in het algemeen en nieuwe scheikunde in het bijzonder. Zo laten studenten zich uit over de kansen en de valkuilen die zijn zien. Het gaat dan bijvoorbeeld om opvattingen over de vraag of context based onderwijs een passende oplossing is voor geconstateerde problemen in het scheikundeonderwijs, of context based onderwijs zal leiden tot inhoudelijke verdieping of verschraling en of het haalbaar is om modules steeds te blijven actualiseren. Studenten formuleren ook aandachtspunten voor het innovatieproces. Zo stellen studenten dat er aandacht voor de gevolgen voor de toetspraktijk en voor de individuele verschillen tussen leerlingen en tussen havo- en vwo-leerlingen. Enkele studenten constateren dat de nieuwe aanpak meer verantwoordelijkheid legt bij leraren en willen daarom bijvoorbeeld goed geïnformeerd worden of vrijheid hebben om leerlijnen te arrangeren. Ook pleiten enkele studenten ervoor om ook leerlingen in het ontwikkelproces te betrekken. Daarnaast is in sommige gevallen verbazing te lezen over de parallelle, maar ogenschijnlijke van elkaar losstaande, ontwikkelingen rond context based scheikundeonderwijs in verschillende landen. Ook de aandacht voor context based scheikundeonderwijs en nieuwe scheikunde binnen lerarenopleidingen wordt becommentarieerd. Enkele studenten zien een belangrijke rol weggelegd voor lerarenopleidingen in het wegwijs maken van beginnende leraren in het ontwikkelproces en het informeren over uitgangspunten.
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In the midst of continuous health professions curriculum reforms, critical questions arise about the extent to which conceptual ideas are actually put into practice. Curricula are often not implemented as intended. An under-explored aspect that might play a role is governance. In light of major curriculum changes, we explored educators' perspectives of the role of governance in the process of translating curriculum goals and concepts into institutionalized curriculum change at micro-level (teacher-student). In three Dutch medical schools, 19 educators with a dual role (teacher and coordinator) were interviewed between March and May 2018, using the rich pictures method. We employed qualitative content analysis with inductive coding. Data collection occurred concurrently with data analysis. Different governance processes were mentioned, each with its own effects on the curriculum and organizational responses. In Institute 1, participants described an unclear governance structure, resulting in implementation chaos in which an abstract educational concept could not be fully realized. In Institute 2, participants described a top-down and strict governance structure contributing to relatively successful implementation of the educational concept. However it also led to demotivation of educators, who started rebelling to recover their perceived loss of freedom. In Institute 3, participants described a relatively fragmentized process granting a lot of freedom, which contributed to contentment and motivation but did not fully produce the intended changes. Our paper empirically illustrates the importance of governance in curriculum change. To advance curriculum change processes and improve their desired outcomes it seems important to define and explicate both hard and soft governance processes.
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This curriculum on social mentoring is the result of a collaboration of a diverse group of academics, practitioners and students from around the world and was developed and facilitated as part of the Erasmus Plus Project “Mentoring for Social Inclusion in Europe: Sharing Knowledge and Building Capacity” (Ment4EU). It was implemented for the first time in Europe as a cross-organisational effort with a transdisciplinary approach as a blended intensive program with 30 participants from the partner countries joined by a further 220 students, practitioners and academics from NHL Stenden and the Netherlands for plenary sessions. The intended group of learners for this course are students, lecturers, researchers, academics and practitioners (mentors and program managers/coordinators of mentoring programs) interested in learning about mentoring for social inclusion and who are active in the fields of social work, youth work, sociology, health care, community work, management and organization, and related fields of practice and study programs. The weight of the program is 5 ECTS. This curriculum was developed as part of the Erasmus Plus Cooperation Partnership in Higher Educatoin “Mentoring for Social Inclusion in Europe: Sharing Knowledge and Building Capacity” (Ment4EU), as part of WP3_A2 Training Capacity in higher education institutions, project number 2023-1-AT01-KA220-HED-000158214
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This study focuses on the comparison of the English and the Dutch primary history curriculum regarding the understanding of historical time. We compare different aspects of both curricula that can apply to other subjects as well, for example the question ‘what age would be appropriate to start a subject in primary school?’ Here, we emphasize that exposure to different learning processes is more important than pupils’ age and maturity. Drawing on analyses of curriculum documents, surveys (n = 128) and interviews (n = 25), we explored how the understanding of historical time is addressed in the intended and the implemented primary curricula for history. The analysis of the data indicates that teachers in both countries do not teach all objectives of the understanding of historical time. Although in England the history curriculum starts earlier, the episodic structure of the curriculum is not very helpful to support pupils’ understanding of historical time. In the Netherlands the framework of 10 eras is mostly taught chronologically; however, neither the sequence nor the dates of historical periods are explicitly taught. Apparently, the teaching and learning of historical time in both countries needs improvement and we conclude with some suggestions to accomplish this.
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Little has been published regarding the training of academic developers themselves to support internationalization of the curriculum (IoC) initiatives. However, higher education institutions around the globe are responding to strategic demands for IoC which prepare students as ‘world-ready’ graduates. We employed qualitative research synthesis to identify recent journal articles which consider current trends in academic development to support IoC. Despite their diversity, we found common themes in the five selected studies. Our discussion and recommendations weave these themes with Betty Leask’s five-stage model of the process of IoC and Cynthia Joseph’s call for a pedagogy of social justice. “This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in International Journal for Academic Development on 19/11/15, available online: https://doi.org/10.1080/1360144X.2019.1691559.
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The implementation of the Ment4EU curriculum on social mentoring (Ciff & Brady, 2025) marked a historic milestone in the advancement of mentorship practices within Europe. Held in Leeuwarden, Netherlands, from 3 to 7 February 2025 as a blended intensive program, this initiative stands as the first known enterprise of its kind in the region. It successfully brought together approximately 250 participants from 29 countries, uniting academics, researchers, practitioners, and students who shared a passion for fostering social mentoring as a transformative tool for inclusion, education, and personal and professional development. This evaluation report serves as a comprehensive reflection on the outcomes of the program, assessing its methodologies, impact, and the exchanges that took place among participants. Through a detailed examination, I aimed to highlight the strengths of this pioneering initiative, identify areas for refinement, and explore pathways for broader implementation across Europe. The discussions, collaborations, and insights generated during this event have laid the groundwork for future advancements in structured mentoring, emphasizing its essential role in social cohesion and knowledge-sharing. Through this comprehensive exploration, the report aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on social mentoring, offering insights into best practices, challenges, and opportunities for expanding mentorship frameworks in European academic institutions. This evaluation report is part of the Erasmus Plus Cooperation Partnership in Higher Education “Mentoring forSocial Inclusion in Europe: Sharing Knowledge and Building Capacity” (Ment4EU), project number 2023-1-AT01-KA220-HED-000158214
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Het bètatechnisch bedrijfsleven en de bètawetenschappen zijn voortdurend in ontwikkeling. Bovendien hebben zij zichtbaar en onzichtbaar invloed op het leven van alledag. Op bètadocenten rust de boeiende taak om leerlingen te laten zien welke betekenis bèta, ook buiten de context van het onderwijs, heeft. Het blijkt bovendien een uitdaging om die taak te verenigen met de robuuste vakstructuur die elk van de bètaschoolvakken kenmerkt. Lerarenopleidingen helpen om bètadocenten (in opleiding) een verfijnd 'vakbeeld' (d.w.z. een genuanceerde visie op het vak) te ontwikkelen. Het lectoraat bètadidactiek heeft daarbij als doel om kennis te verwerven over visies van bètadocenten op hun vakken en deze kennis in te zetten in de praktijk van de lerarenopleiding en in samenwerking met docenten in het voortgezet onderwijs.
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In programmatic assessment (PA), an arrangement of different assessment methods is deliberately designed across the entire curriculum, combined and planned to support both robust decision-making and student learning. In health sciences education, evidence about the merits and pitfalls of PA is emerging. Although there is consensus about the theoretical principles of PA, programs make diverse design choices based on these principles to implement PA in practice, fitting their own contexts. We therefore need a better understanding of how the PA principles are implemented across contexts—within and beyond health sciences education. In this study, interviews were conducted with teachers/curriculum designers representing nine different programs in diverse professional domains. Research questions focused on: (1) design choices made, (2) whether these design choices adhere to PA principles, (3) student and teacher experiences in practice, and (4) context-specific differences between the programs. A wide range of design choices were reported, largely adhering to PA principles but differing across cases due to contextual alignment. Design choices reported by almost all programs include a backbone of learning outcomes, data-points connected to this backbone in a longitudinal design allowing uptake of feedback, intermediate reflective meetings, and decision-making based on a multitude of data-points made by a committee and involving multi-stage procedures. Contextual design choices were made aligning the design to the professional domain and practical feasibility. Further research is needed in particular with regard to intermediate-stakes decisions.
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