Electrification of mobility exceeds personal transport to increasingly focus on particular segments such as city logistics and taxis. These commercial mobility segments have different motives to purchase a full electric vehicle and require a particular approach to incentivize and facilitate the transition towards electric mobility. A case where a municipality was successful in stimulating the transition to electric mobility is the taxi sector in the city of Amsterdam. Using results from a survey study (n = 300), this paper analyses the differences in characteristics between taxi drivers that either have or do not have interest in purchasing a full electric taxi vehicle. Results show a low intention across the sample to adopt a full electric vehicle and no statistically significant differences in demographics between the two groups. Differences were found between the level of acceptability of the covenant, the rated attractiveness of the incentives, the ratings of full electric vehicle attributes and the consultation of objective and social information sources. These results can be used by policy makers to develop new incentives that target specific topics currently influencing the interest in a full electric taxi vehicle.
DOCUMENT
The mass adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) might raise pressure on the power system, especially during peak hours. Therefore, there is a need for delayed charging. However, to optimize the charging system, the progression of charging from an empty battery until a full battery of the EVs based on realworld data needs to be analyzed. Many researchers currently view this charging profile as a static load and ignore the actual charging behavior during the charging session. This study investigates how different factors influence the charging profile of individual EVs based on real-world data of charging sessionsin the Netherlands, enabling optimization analysis of EV smart charging schemes.
DOCUMENT
The increased adoption of electric vehicles worldwide is largely caused by the uptake of private electric cars. In parallel other segments such as busses, city logistics and taxis, are increasingly becoming electrified. Amsterdam is an interesting case, as the municipality and the taxi sector have signed a voluntary agreement to realise a full electric taxi fleet by 2025. This paper investigates the results of a survey that was distributed amongst 3000 taxi drivers to examine perceptions and attitudes on the municipal charging incentives as well as taxi ride characteristics.
MULTIFILE
Most trailer units currently lack a drivetrain to assist the truck. Given that trailers carry heavy loads, significant power is required to propel them especially during acceleration. Equipping trailers with an electric powertrain can help support the truck during traction and regenerate energy during braking, reducing emissions and energy consumption. This also is in line with the CO2 emissions goal of the European Green Deal for heavy duty vehicles . By utilizing a king-pin, the e-trailer can determine the level of support needed, making it fully independent. Currently, a measurement system for measuring forces on the king-pin is being developed. Using the information of forces, the support by the e-trailer during traction can be defined along with the recaptured energy during braking. Although, it will work in longitudinal direction but has its limitations when a lateral force is acting; like during cornering, road camber, turning etc. In reality, vehicles do not only drive in straight line, so dynamics of the vehicle have a significance role. If the support provided by e-trailer during lateral movement of the vehicle is not controlled, it may have an effect on the general ride and handling outside the longitudinal scenarios and in extreme cases lead to dangerous situations (like jack-knifing). Thus, for refine and safe drivability of the truck-e-trailer combination additional information on the manoeuvring status of the truck e-trailer combination is required. This added information will improvise controllability of the e-trailer and provide a safety net over the already defined e-trailer controls in a longitudinal direction, making basic movements involving lateral direction possible. It is proposed to integrate the articulation angle information, such that the complex electro-mechanical system of the e-tailer driveline can recognize the dynamic movements to help refine the control and ensure safety. Validation will be performed in Hardware-in-loop environment.
