In Nederland zijn sinds 2000 verschillende publicaties verschenen waar de effecten van voor- en vroegschoolse educatie (vve) zijn onderzocht. Deze overzichtsstudie vat met behulp van een ‘multi-level’ meta-analyse 21 (deel)studies samen waarin ruim 50.000 kinderen zijn onderzocht in de periode 2000-2015 met in totaal 165 uitkomstmaten, verdeeld over het taaldomein (k = 46), het rekendomein (k = 26), algemene intelligentie (k = 18) en het sociaal-emotionele domein (k = 75). Het geaggregeerde effect van vve is niet-statistisch significant en is vrijwel nul (d = 0.026, standaardfout = 0.029); ook de uitkomsten voor de afzonderlijke domeinen wijken niet significant af van nul. De studie-uitkomsten zijn kleiner in vve-publicaties van recentere datum. De teleurstellende opbrengsten laten zien dat vve, ten opzichte van de reguliere groepen in de voor- en vroegschoolse periode, geen toegevoegde waarde heeft voor de ontwikkeling van het jonge kind in de Nederlandse context
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In deze quickscan vatten wij de wetenschappelijke kennis over ervaringsdeskundigheid samen. Bijzondere aandacht gaat daarbij uit naar de inzet van ervaringskennis door en voor jongeren, mede vanwege een bijbehorende casestudy. We bespreken onder meer empirische bevindingen, mogelijke valkuilen, randvoorwaarden voor een effectieve inzet en kennislacunes. De analyse is grotendeels gebaseerd op recente internationale (systematische) reviews en meta-analyses.
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Gaat het wel goed met ons onderwijs? Uit internationaal vergelijkend onderzoek naar leerresultaten (PISA) blijkt dat Nederland op de ranglijst daalt. Dat betekent dat of ons onderwijs achteruitgaat, of dat het onderwijs in het buitenland in vergelijking met ons onderwijs beter wordt. In de media heeft iedereen een mening en wijst lukraak een 'schuldige' aan: het te vaak uitvallen van lessen, gebrek aan vakkennis bij de leraar, feminisering van het onderwijs, tekortkomingen in de opleiding van leraren ... Maar wat is nu echt bekend over de belangrijkste invloeden op de leerresultaten van leerlingen?
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Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is considered to be a frequent complication of hemodialysis (HD) and is associated with symptom burden, increased incidence of access failure, cardiovascular events, and higher mortality. This systematic literature review aims to analyse studies that investigated the prevalence of IDH. A complicating factor herein is that many different definitions of IDH are used in literature.Methods: A systematic literature search from databases, Medline, Cinahl, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library to identify studies reporting on the actual prevalence of IDH was conducted. Studies were categorized by the type of definition used for the prevalence of IDH. A meta-analysis of the prevalence of IDH was performed.Results: In a meta-analysis comprising 4 studies including 1,694 patients and 4 studies including 13,189 patients, the prevalence of HD sessions complicated by IDH was 10.1 and 11.6% for the European Best Practice Guideline (EBPG) definition and the Nadir <90 definition, respectively. The proportion of patients with frequent IDH could not reliably be established because of the wide range in cutoff values that were used to identify patients with frequent IDH. There was a large variety in the prevalence of symptoms and interventions. Major risk factors associated with IDH across studies were diabetes, a higher interdialytic weight gain, female gender, and lower body weight.Conclusion: Our meta-analysis suggests that the prevalence of IDH is lower than 12% for both the EBPG and the Nadir <90 definition which is much lower than stated in most reviews.
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Meta-analyse van peer reviewed publicaties op het gebied van informatiewetenschappen die in 2010 door onderzoekers uit Nederland zijn gepubliceerd.
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Meta-analyse van peer reviewed publicaties op het gebied van informatiewetenschappen die in 2010 door onderzoekers uit Nederland zijn gepubliceerd.
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Background. A number of parenting programs, aimed at improving parenting competencies,have recently been adapted or designed with the use of online technologies. Although webbased services have been claimed to hold promise for parent support, a meta-analytic review of online parenting interventions is lacking. Method. A systematic review was undertaken of studies (n= 19), published between 2000 and 2010, that describe parenting programs of which the primary components were delivered online. Seven programs were adaptations of traditional, mostly evidence-based, parenting interventions, using the unique opportunities of internet technology. Twelve studies (with in total 54 outcomes, Ntot parents = 1,615 and Ntot children = 740) were included in a meta-analysis. Results. The meta-analysis showed a statistically significant medium effect across parents outcomes (ES = 0.67; se = 0.25) and child outcomes (ES = 0.42; se = 0.15). Conclusions. The results of this review show that webbased parenting programs with new technologies offer opportunities for sharing social support, consulting professionals and training parental competencies. The meta-analytic results show that guided and self-guided online interventions can make a significant positive contribution for parents and children. The relation with other meta-analyses in the domains of parent education and web-based interventions is discussed.
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Study selection: Randomized controlled trials published after 2007 with (former) healthcare patients ≥ 21 years of age were included if physical activity was measured objectively using a wearable monitor for both feedback and outcome assessment. The main goal of included studies was promoting physical activity. Any concurrent strategies were related only to promoting physical activity. Data extraction: Effect sizes were calculated using a fixed-effects model with standardized mean difference. Information on study characteristics and interventions strategies were extracted from study descriptions. Data synthesis: Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria (total n = 1,902), and 2 studies were excluded from meta-analysis. The overall effect size was in favour of the intervention groups (0.34, 95% CI 0.23–0.44, p < 0.01). Study characteristics and intervention strategies varied widely. Conclusion: Healthcare interventions using feedback on objectively monitored physical activity have a moderately positive effect on levels of physical activity. Further research is needed to determine which strategies are most effective to promote physical activity in healthcare programmes. Lay Abstract Wearable technology is progressively applied in health care and rehabilitation to provide objective insight into physical activity levels. In addition, feedback on physical activity levels delivered by wearable monitors might be beneficial for optimizing their physical activity. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions using feedback on objectively measured physical activity in patient populations. Fourteen studies including 1902 patients were analyzed. Overall, the physical activity levels of the intervention groups receiving objective feedback on physical activity improved, compared to the control groups receiving no objective feedback. Mostly, a variety of other strategies were applied in the interventions next to wearable technology. Together with wearable technology, behavioral change strategies, such as goal-setting and action planning seem to be an important ingredient to promote physical activity in health care and rehabilitation. LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/hanneke-braakhuis-b9277947/ https://www.linkedin.com/in/moniqueberger/
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