In Nederland zijn sinds 2000 verschillende publicaties verschenen waar de effecten van voor- en vroegschoolse educatie (vve) zijn onderzocht. Deze overzichtsstudie vat met behulp van een ‘multi-level’ meta-analyse 21 (deel)studies samen waarin ruim 50.000 kinderen zijn onderzocht in de periode 2000-2015 met in totaal 165 uitkomstmaten, verdeeld over het taaldomein (k = 46), het rekendomein (k = 26), algemene intelligentie (k = 18) en het sociaal-emotionele domein (k = 75). Het geaggregeerde effect van vve is niet-statistisch significant en is vrijwel nul (d = 0.026, standaardfout = 0.029); ook de uitkomsten voor de afzonderlijke domeinen wijken niet significant af van nul. De studie-uitkomsten zijn kleiner in vve-publicaties van recentere datum. De teleurstellende opbrengsten laten zien dat vve, ten opzichte van de reguliere groepen in de voor- en vroegschoolse periode, geen toegevoegde waarde heeft voor de ontwikkeling van het jonge kind in de Nederlandse context
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Gaat het wel goed met ons onderwijs? Uit internationaal vergelijkend onderzoek naar leerresultaten (PISA) blijkt dat Nederland op de ranglijst daalt. Dat betekent dat of ons onderwijs achteruitgaat, of dat het onderwijs in het buitenland in vergelijking met ons onderwijs beter wordt. In de media heeft iedereen een mening en wijst lukraak een 'schuldige' aan: het te vaak uitvallen van lessen, gebrek aan vakkennis bij de leraar, feminisering van het onderwijs, tekortkomingen in de opleiding van leraren ... Maar wat is nu echt bekend over de belangrijkste invloeden op de leerresultaten van leerlingen?
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Meta-analyse van peer reviewed publicaties op het gebied van informatiewetenschappen die in 2010 door onderzoekers uit Nederland zijn gepubliceerd.
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Meta-analyse van peer reviewed publicaties op het gebied van informatiewetenschappen die in 2010 door onderzoekers uit Nederland zijn gepubliceerd.
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Background. A number of parenting programs, aimed at improving parenting competencies,have recently been adapted or designed with the use of online technologies. Although webbased services have been claimed to hold promise for parent support, a meta-analytic review of online parenting interventions is lacking. Method. A systematic review was undertaken of studies (n= 19), published between 2000 and 2010, that describe parenting programs of which the primary components were delivered online. Seven programs were adaptations of traditional, mostly evidence-based, parenting interventions, using the unique opportunities of internet technology. Twelve studies (with in total 54 outcomes, Ntot parents = 1,615 and Ntot children = 740) were included in a meta-analysis. Results. The meta-analysis showed a statistically significant medium effect across parents outcomes (ES = 0.67; se = 0.25) and child outcomes (ES = 0.42; se = 0.15). Conclusions. The results of this review show that webbased parenting programs with new technologies offer opportunities for sharing social support, consulting professionals and training parental competencies. The meta-analytic results show that guided and self-guided online interventions can make a significant positive contribution for parents and children. The relation with other meta-analyses in the domains of parent education and web-based interventions is discussed.
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Study selection: Randomized controlled trials published after 2007 with (former) healthcare patients ≥ 21 years of age were included if physical activity was measured objectively using a wearable monitor for both feedback and outcome assessment. The main goal of included studies was promoting physical activity. Any concurrent strategies were related only to promoting physical activity. Data extraction: Effect sizes were calculated using a fixed-effects model with standardized mean difference. Information on study characteristics and interventions strategies were extracted from study descriptions. Data synthesis: Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria (total n = 1,902), and 2 studies were excluded from meta-analysis. The overall effect size was in favour of the intervention groups (0.34, 95% CI 0.23–0.44, p < 0.01). Study characteristics and intervention strategies varied widely. Conclusion: Healthcare interventions using feedback on objectively monitored physical activity have a moderately positive effect on levels of physical activity. Further research is needed to determine which strategies are most effective to promote physical activity in healthcare programmes. Lay Abstract Wearable technology is progressively applied in health care and rehabilitation to provide objective insight into physical activity levels. In addition, feedback on physical activity levels delivered by wearable monitors might be beneficial for optimizing their physical activity. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions using feedback on objectively measured physical activity in patient populations. Fourteen studies including 1902 patients were analyzed. Overall, the physical activity levels of the intervention groups receiving objective feedback on physical activity improved, compared to the control groups receiving no objective feedback. Mostly, a variety of other strategies were applied in the interventions next to wearable technology. Together with wearable technology, behavioral change strategies, such as goal-setting and action planning seem to be an important ingredient to promote physical activity in health care and rehabilitation. LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/hanneke-braakhuis-b9277947/ https://www.linkedin.com/in/moniqueberger/
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In deze quickscan vatten wij de wetenschappelijke kennis over ervaringsdeskundigheid samen. Bijzondere aandacht gaat daarbij uit naar de inzet van ervaringskennis door en voor jongeren, mede vanwege een bijbehorende casestudy. We bespreken onder meer empirische bevindingen, mogelijke valkuilen, randvoorwaarden voor een effectieve inzet en kennislacunes. De analyse is grotendeels gebaseerd op recente internationale (systematische) reviews en meta-analyses.
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Background The number of caesarean sections (CS) is increasing globally, and repeat CS after a previous CS is a significant contributor to the overall CS rate. Vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC) can be seen as a real and viable option for most women with previous CS. To achieve success, however, women need the support of their clinicians (obstetricians and midwives). The aim of this study was to evaluate clinician-centred interventions designed to increase the rate of VBAC. Methods The bibliographic databases of The Cochrane Library, PubMed, PsychINFO and CINAHL were searched for randomised controlled trials, including cluster randomised trials that evaluated the effectiveness of any intervention targeted directly at clinicians aimed at increasing VBAC rates. Included studies were appraised independently by two reviewers. Data were extracted independently by three reviewers. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the quality assessment tool, ‘Effective Public Health Practice Project’. The primary outcome measure was VBAC rates. Results 238 citations were screened, 255 were excluded by title and abstract. 11 full-text papers were reviewed; eight were excluded, resulting in three included papers. One study evaluated the effectiveness of antepartum x-ray pelvimetry (XRP) in 306 women with one previous CS. One study evaluated the effects of external peer review on CS birth in 45 hospitals, and the third evaluated opinion leader education and audit and feedback in 16 hospitals. The use of external peer review, audit and feedback had no significant effect on VBAC rates. An educational strategy delivered by an opinion leader significantly increased VBAC rates. The use of XRP significantly increased CS rates. Conclusions This systematic review indicates that few studies have evaluated the effects of clinician-centred interventions on VBAC rates, and interventions are of varying types which limited the ability to meta-analyse data. A further limitation is that the included studies were performed during the late 1980s-1990s. An opinion leader educational strategy confers benefit for increasing VBAC rates. This strategy should be further studied in different maternity care settings and with professionals other than physicians only.
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