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Family Dairy Tech, India

This advisory report describes the results and recommendations for Indian dairy farmers and Dutch and Indian companies, from the RAAK Family Dairy Tech India project. Researchers and students of two Dutch and one Indian University of Applied Sciences, together with ten Dutch companies, Indian companies and eight innovative farmers in Pune district collaborated to develop robust and affordable technologies and knowledge for Indian medium sized dairy farmers, in Pune district, Maharashtra. The report also describes innovations in the farmers’ business models and value chains.

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GLUT-4 expression is not consistently higher in type 1 than type 2 fibres of rat and human vastus lateralis muscles: an immunohistochemical study.

Immunofluorescence microscopy in this study shows that GLUT-4 protein expression is fibre-type specific within a muscle. It is postulated that both fibre-type-dependent and fibre-type-independent factors affect GLUT-4 expression.

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GLUT-4 expression is not consistently higher in type 1 than type 2 fibres of rat and human vastus lateralis muscles: an immunohistochemical study.

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Comparative study using phenotypic, genotypic and proteomics methods for identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci

Five methods were compared to determine the best technique for accurate identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) (n=142 strains). MALDI-TOF MS showed the best results for rapid and accurate CoNS differentiation (correct identity in 99.3%). An alternative to this approach could be Vitek2 combined with partial tuf gene sequencing.

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Comparative study using phenotypic, genotypic and proteomics methods for identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci

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Use of modified starch as an agent for forming a thermoreversible gel

The invention relates to the use of modified starch obtainable by treating amylose containing starch in aqueous medium with an enzyme from the group of the α-1,4-α-1,4-glucosyl transferases (EC 2.4.1.25) or an enzyme the activity of which corresponds to that of enzymes from the group just mentioned, as an agent for forming a thermoreversible gel. The invention also relates to products in the form of a thermoreversible gel having as gel-forming substance a modified starch as defined. The invention further relates to the use of a modified starch as defined in the form of an aqueous solution.

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A scuticociliate causes mass mortality of Diadema antillarum in the Caribbean Sea

Echinoderm mass mortality events shape marine ecosystems by altering the dynamics among major benthic groups. The sea urchin Diadema antillarum, virtually extirpated in the Caribbean in the early 1980s by an unknown cause, recently experienced another mass mortality beginning in January 2022. We investigated the cause of this mass mortality event through combined molecular biological and veterinary pathologic approaches comparing grossly normal and abnormal animals collected from 23 sites, representing locations that were either affected or unaffected at the time of sampling. Here, we report that a scuticociliate most similar to Philaster apodigitiformis was consistently associated with abnormal urchins at affected sites but was absent from unaffected sites. Experimentally challenging naïve urchins with a Philaster culture isolated from an abnormal, field-collected specimen resulted in gross signs consistent with those of the mortality event. The same ciliate was recovered from treated specimens postmortem, thus fulfilling Koch’s postulates for this microorganism. We term this condition D. antillarum scuticociliatosis.

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A scuticociliate causes mass mortality of Diadema antillarum in the Caribbean Sea

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Release of major peanut allergens from their matrix under various pH and simulated saliva conditions—Ara h2 and ara h6 are readily bio-accessible

from the article: "Abstract: The oral mucosa is the first immune tissue that encounters allergens upon ingestion of food. We hypothesized that the bio-accessibility of allergens at this stage may be a key determinant for sensitization. Light roasted peanut flour was suspended at various pH in buffers mimicking saliva. Protein concentrations and allergens profiles were determined in the supernatants. Peanut protein solubility was poor in the pH range between 3 and 6, while at a low pH (1.5) and at moderately high pHs (>8), it increased. In the pH range of saliva, between 6.5 and 8.5, the allergens Ara h2 and Ara h6 were readily released, whereas Ara h1 and Ara h3 were poorly released. Increasing the pH from 6.5 to 8.5 slightly increased the release of Ara h1 and Ara h3, but the recovery remained low (approximately 20%) compared to that of Ara h2 and Ara h6 (approximately 100% and 65%, respectively). This remarkable difference in the extraction kinetics suggests that Ara h2 and Ara h6 are the first allergens an individual is exposed to upon ingestion of peanut-containing food. We conclude that the peanut allergens Ara h2 and Ara h6 are quickly bio-accessible in the mouth, potentially explaining their extraordinary allergenicity."

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An evaluation of three processing methods and the effect of reduced culture times for faster direct identification of pathogens from BacT/ALERT blood cultures by MALDI-TOF MS

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a fast and reliable method for the identification of bacteria from agar media. Direct identification from positive blood cultures should decrease the time to obtaining the result. In this study, three different processing methods for the rapid direct identification of bacteria from positive blood culture bottles were compared. In total, 101 positive aerobe BacT/ALERT bottles were included in this study. Aliquots from all bottles were used for three bacterial processing methods, i.e. the commercially available Bruker's MALDI Sepsityper kit, the commercially available Molzym's MolYsis Basic5 kit and a centrifugation/washing method. In addition, the best method was used to evaluate the possibility of MALDI application after a reduced incubation time of 7 h of Staphylococcus aureus- and Escherichia coli-spiked (1,000, 100 and 10 colony-forming units [CFU]) aerobe BacT/ALERT blood cultures. Sixty-six (65%), 51 (50.5%) and 79 (78%) bottles were identified correctly at the species level when the centrifugation/washing method, MolYsis Basic 5 and Sepsityper were used, respectively. Incorrect identification was obtained in 35 (35%), 50 (49.5%) and 22 (22%) bottles, respectively. Gram-positive cocci were correctly identified in 33/52 (64%) of the cases. However, Gram-negative rods showed a correct identification in 45/47 (96%) of all bottles when the Sepsityper kit was used. Seven hours of pre-incubation of S. aureus- and E. coli-spiked aerobe BacT/ALERT blood cultures never resulted in reliable identification with MALDI-TOF MS. Sepsityper is superior for the direct identification of microorganisms from aerobe BacT/ALERT bottles. Gram-negative pathogens show better results compared to Gram-positive bacteria. Reduced incubation followed by MALDI-TOF MS did not result in faster reliable identification.

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An evaluation of three processing methods and the effect of reduced culture times for faster direct identification of pathogens from BacT/ALERT blood cultures by MALDI-TOF MS

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3D printen uit gerecycled Kunstgras

Dit onderzoek richt zich op het verkleinen van de kunstgrasberg. Gezamenlijk met ketenorganisatie GBN AGR en Joosten Group is een verkenning van 3D printen van Recycled Turf Agglomerate (RTA) uitgevoerd. Het materiaalonderzoek, verricht door Saxion Thermo Plastic composites Application Centre, aangevuld met datagegevens van GNB AGR en vergelijkingen met bestaand 3D printfilament leverde al inzichten op. Ook is een 3D printer gemodificeerd om gerecycled granulaat te 3D printen. Hierop zijn tests met verschillende recycled materiaal gedaan. Echter bleek het huidige RTA te vervuild om 3D prints te maken. Een alternatieve RTA, welke extra zuiveringsstappen is doorgaan, was goed 3D printbaar.

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The relationship between pellet size and shotgun dispersion patterns

When reconstructing a shooting incident with a shotgun, the muzzle-to-target distance can be determined by relating the size of a dispersion pattern found on a crime scene to that of test shots. Ideally, the test shots are performed with the weapon and ammunition that were used in the incident. But sometimes examiners will have to resort to alternatives, such as using cartridges of the same brand and type but with another pellet size. For this reason, the relationship between pellet size and shotgun dispersion patterns was studied with both lead and steel shotgun pellets. Cartridges were loaded with identical cartridge cases, powder charges, and wads but with different pellet sizes, below size B. The cartridges were fired, and the dispersion patterns at 5 m in front of the muzzle were measured and compared. The results provide strong support for the proposition that shotgun dispersion patterns with both lead and steel shot increase with decreasing pellet size if all other relevant parameters are kept equal. The results also provide an indicative measure of the magnitude of the effect. Pattern sizes were approximately 1.7 times larger with #9 than with #0 lead shot and 1.4 times larger with #9 than with #1 steel shot. The differences between consecutive shot sizes were generally smaller. This means that cartridges of equal brand and type but with the next nearest shot number can be used for a muzzle-to-target distance determination, keeping the information of the current study in mind in the final interpretation of the results.

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Family Dairy Tech, India

GLUT-4 expression is not consistently higher in type 1 than type 2 fibres of rat and human vastus lateralis muscles: an immunohistochemical study.

Comparative study using phenotypic, genotypic and proteomics methods for identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci

Use of modified starch as an agent for forming a thermoreversible gel

A scuticociliate causes mass mortality of Diadema antillarum in the Caribbean Sea

Release of major peanut allergens from their matrix under various pH and simulated saliva conditions—Ara h2 and ara h6 are readily bio-accessible

An evaluation of three processing methods and the effect of reduced culture times for faster direct identification of pathogens from BacT/ALERT blood cultures by MALDI-TOF MS

3D printen uit gerecycled Kunstgras

The relationship between pellet size and shotgun dispersion patterns

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Products 19

Family Dairy Tech, India

GLUT-4 expression is not consistently higher in type 1 than type 2 fibres of rat and human vastus lateralis muscles: an immunohistochemical study.

Comparative study using phenotypic, genotypic and proteomics methods for identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci

Use of modified starch as an agent for forming a thermoreversible gel

A scuticociliate causes mass mortality of Diadema antillarum in the Caribbean Sea

Release of major peanut allergens from their matrix under various pH and simulated saliva conditions—Ara h2 and ara h6 are readily bio-accessible

An evaluation of three processing methods and the effect of reduced culture times for faster direct identification of pathogens from BacT/ALERT blood cultures by MALDI-TOF MS

3D printen uit gerecycled Kunstgras

The relationship between pellet size and shotgun dispersion patterns