The richness of the studies presented is disappearing under a thick sauce of left-wing ideology and perceptions of globalization, making it too easy for ‘the enemy’ to neglect this book. Quotes like ‘To put it crudely, market tyrannies and state despotism have deepened inequalities and abrogate freedom both within and among nations’, are not very helpful in starting a more open debate on the marginalization of young people in different cultures and countries. I think the studies themselves are very convincing and do not need too obvious links to globalizing evil. The research observations are in contrast with the rather blunt social political analyses. The position of social work, given its empowering tradition with regard to excluded groups (such as many of the youth gangs and cultures in this publication), needs to be a self confident approach, focused on giving insight into and improving practices in the life world contexts of young people.
DOCUMENT
Urban tourism increasingly focuses on the role of hospitality in cities, evolving from a means to strengthen tourism as a ‘product’, towards a focus on tourism as an opportunity for revitalization and transformation of destinations. In this context, cities are considered dynamic communities in which ‘hosts’ (entrepreneurs, residents, municipalities) and ‘guests’ (visitors, tourists) co-habitate and co-create multisensorial experiences. This shift in focus comes hand in hand with increasing awareness of competitiveness and sustainability of destinations, expressed by a harmonious relationship between city residents and visitors and a balanced usage of the city as a shared resource. This is of great importance, given the intense usage of urban spaces – the city center of Amsterdam being an illustrative example – and the multiple purposes that these spaces represent for different stakeholders. This paper presents the outcome of a review study into city hospitality experience indicators. We integrate these indicators as a basis for the development of a new scale for measuring the effectiveness of hospitality interventions in relation to outcome variables such as satisfaction and net promotor score (NPS). We thereby provide an important means for scholars and practitioners to develop sustainable tourism actions inclusive of local community interests, in support of efforts toward more balanced city experiences among all stakeholders.
DOCUMENT
Background: Our aim was to identify dietary patterns by the level of maternal education that contribute to BMI, fat mass index (FMI), and fat-free mass index (FFMI) in children at age 5 and to assess if these dietary patterns are related to BMI at age 10. Methods: Per group (low/middle/high level), Reduced Rank Regression (RRR) was used to derive dietary patterns for the response variables BMI z-score, FMI, and FFMI in 1728 children at age 5 in the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development (ABCD) cohort. Regression analyses were then used to determine the association with BMI at age 10. Results: In each group, pattern 1 was characterized by its own cluster of food groups. Low: water/tea, savory snacks, sugar, low-fat meat, and fruits; middle: water/tea, low-fat cheese, fish, low-fat dairy, fruit drink, low-fat meat, and eggs; and high: low-fat cheese, fruits, whole-grain breakfast products, and low-fat and processed meat. Additionally, in each group, pattern 1 was positively associated with BMI z-scores at age 10 (low: β ≤ 0.43 [95% CI ≤ 0.21; 0.66], p < 0.001, middle: β ≤ 0.23 [0.09; 0.36], p ≤ 0.001, and high: β ≤ 0.24 [0.18; 0.30], p < 0.001). Conclusions: The dietary patterns stratified by the level of maternal education are characterized by different food groups. But in all the groups, pattern 1 is positively associated with BMI at age 10.
MULTIFILE
