Onze omgeving is volop in ontwikkeling: overal in dorpen, wijken en buurten in Nederland bestaan er werkgroepen met plannen voor een meer leefbare, duurzame of gezonde wijk, oftewel een zachtere stad. Bij het werken aan de zachte stad is het belangrijk om na te denken over manieren waarop alle bewoners die met de plannen te maken krijgen, erin meegenomen kunnen worden. Met behulp van de ‘social fingerprint’-aanpak kan bewonersparticipatie zinvol worden vormgegeven.
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Het internet verandert de manier waarop we werk organiseren. Het maakt de 'schedule push' en de hiërarchische organisatie die het impliceert, overbodig en daarmee verdwijnt het type van control dat van oudsher wordt gebruikt om resources en taken, en klantvraag, levering en services op elkaar af te stemmen. Organisatorische hiërarchieën zijn te duur geworden om te blijven bestaan, en in veel gevallen is de manier waarop ze zaken coördineren gewoon niet meer nodig. De ingewikkeldheid van de kosten van het industriële complex begint de opbrengsten te overtreffen en het internet maakt het overbodig.
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This dissertation focuses on the question how money mules are recruited and which mechanisms play a role. Money mules are people who receive money from victims of online fraud. They are an indispensable link in the commission of financial-economic cybercrimes, such as phishing and bank helpdesk fraud, because they break the financial trail from victims to core members. The crucial role of money mules in the crime script and the possible consequences for young money mules themselves make them a valuable target group for scientific research. Almost no empirical research has been conducted into money mules and the involvement mechanisms of cybercrime. However, this knowledge is necessary for the development and application of prevention measures: interventions aimed at money mules disrupt the execution of various forms of online fraud, which can reduce victimization of cybercrime among citizens and businesses. In total, the dissertation consists of six empirical chapters, in which different research methods were used. This includes questionnaires and expert interviews, but also more unique and innovative methods such as online field experiments and analysis of police investigations into cybercriminal networks. The dissertation shows that money mules - still - form a crucial link in the world of financial-economic cybercrime. It is clear that this phenomenon manifests itself in different ways over time: online bank accounts, international bank accounts and crypto wallets are currently popular among cybercriminal networks because they offer even more anonymity than bank accounts at large traditional banks. This also means that money mules are also recruited for their identification cards instead of their bank card, which offenders use to open up accounts for themselves. It can be concluded that the social environment of money mules forms a criminal opportunity structure. Money mules are approached via-via and actively addressed; online on social media such as Instagram and Telegram but also offline on the street, at school or at the metro station. Social relationships therefore offer cybercriminal networks access to co-offenders, including money mules, and can explain why young people become involved in the world of cybercrime. Financial motivations play a role here, because money mules often look up to the luxurious lifestyle of criminals and give up bank account details in exchange for compensation. Risk perceptions regarding the likelihood of being caught and the consequences of money muling are low and money mules justify the criminal behavior. In addition to financial considerations, some recruiters also exert pressure or even threaten with violence. This reflects the heterogeneous nature of the target group and makes it clear that various involvement mechanisms play a role.
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In dit onderzoeksrapport wordt verslag gedaan van het onderzoek dat door het Crossmedialab is uitgevoerd in het project Publieksannotatie van Cultureel Erfgoed (PACE). Dit proejct is uitgevoerd met subsidie van de regeling 'Digitaliseren met Beleid’ van het ministerie van Onderwijs Cultuur en Wetenschappen in de periode 1 januari 2008 tot en met 31 december 2009. Deelnemers in dit onderzoek waren: Universiteitsmuseum Utrecht, Naturalis, Museon, Novay, de Hogeschool Utrecht en het advies- en managementbureau BMC. Dit brede consortium maakte het mogelijk het project te baseren op zowel kennis en ervaring vanuit de praktijk en de wetenschap. Doel van het project PACE was om te onderzoeken hoe social tagging als instrument ingezet kon worden in het verrijken en toegankelijk maken van de collecties en hoe de betrokkenheid van bezoekersgroepen kon worden vergroot. De sturende vraag van de musa hierachter was: Wanneer is het zinvol social tagging als instrument in te zetten voor musea en welk effect mag je hiervan verwachten?
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Teachers are expected to tailor their instruction to accommodate differences between students, in order to give all learners the opportunity to develop to their full potential. This is also called differentiated instruction (DI), and it requires teachers to continually monitor students’ progress towards the lesson goal and adjust their instruction accordingly. This is a complex skill for many teachers that they do not always implement. The goal of this dissertation was to research how educators can be supported in providing differentiation. In Study 1 we observed secondary school teachers with strong DI skills in their classrooms and interviewed them afterwards to analyse their decision-making processes. The findings of this study informed the design and implementation of a professional development program in Study 2, which was based on a whole-task approach where the participant teachers work on authentic tasks that require the integration of skills and knowledge, increasing the likelihood of transfer to practice. The impact of this professional development program on teachers’ DI practices was examined in Study 3, both from the teacher and student perspective. Results from both perspectives showed that all teachers made more intentional adaptations. To explore whether the findings of the first three studies were transferable to another context, we shifted the focus to students with hearing and/or communicative impairments (HCI). Instead of a single teacher, often a team of professionals has joint responsibility for HCI students’ education. In Study 4, we researched what providing DI and interprofessional collaboration in the HCI context looks like, by conducting a systematic literature review and an exploration of practice through focus group sessions. We found that there are four phases (preparing a lesson series, preparing a lesson, enacting a lesson, and evaluating the lesson) and five principles (work in a goal-oriented way, monitor continually, challenge all students, adapt the instruction, and stimulate self-regulation) that could be identified in DI across various educational contexts. The four phases and five principles can be used as a framework to support educators in improving their DI skills and thus making good, informed decisions that allow all their students to realise their learning potential.
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There is a need to assess communication in daily life situations for people with speech and language disorders. Although language proficiency and communication in daily life are correlated, their relationship is far from linear or straightforward. This paper aims to demonstrate the usefulness of the construct of communicative participation by unravelling the relationship and overlap between participation and communication. We explored the relationship between communication, participation, and communicative participation by reviewing common definitions mentioned in the literature. Next, we evaluated to what extent communication plays a role in each of the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning (ICF) “Activity and Participation” chapters by counting how many items in each chapter should be considered for describing communicative participation.
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Abstract The emergence of new technologies such as mp3 and music streaming, and the accompanying digital transformation of the music industry, have led to the shift and change of the entire music industry’s value chain. While music is increasingly being consumed through digital channels, the number of empirical studies, particularly in the field of music copyright in the digital music industry, is limited. Every year, rightsholders of musical works, valued 2.5 billion dollars, remain unknown. The objectives of this study are twofold: First to understand and describe the structure and process of the Dutch music copyright system including the most relevant actors within the system and their relations. Second to apply evolutionary economics approach and Values Sensitive Design method within the context of music copyright through positive-empirical perspective. For studies of technological change in existing markets, the evolutionary economics literature provides a coherent and evidence-based foundation. The actors are generally perceived as being different, for example with regard to their access to information, their ability to handle information, their capital and knowledge base (asymmetric information). Also their norms, values and roles can differ. Based on an analysis of documents and held expert interviews, we find that the collection and distribution of the music copyright money is still based on obsolete laws, neoclassical paradigm and legacy IT-system. Finally, we conclude that the rightsholders are heterogenous and have asymmetrical information and negotiating power. The outcomes of this study contribute to create a better understanding of impact of digitization of music copyright industry and empower the stakeholders to proceed from a more informed perspective on redesigning and applying the future music copyright system and pre-digital norms and values amongst actors.
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