AbstractHistorically, epidemics and plagues are repeatedly reported to have happened since the ancient civilizations (Egypt, Greece, Rome and imperial China). Most known examples of a devastating global pandemics in recent history are the ‘Black Death’ (14th century) and the global influenza (1918-1919), also known as ‘Spanish Flu’, that has killed nearly 50 million people in the world. Even thoughpandemics may vary in their dimensions, length (short vs. long), scope (local/regional, national, global) and severity of effects (minimal effects or maximal effects), they all represent distinct exogenous and endogenous shocks that have far reaching effects on population, health, economy and other societal domains.Currently, the Covid-19 pandemic has relentlessly spreaded around the world, leaving behind destructive marks on health, populations, economies and societies. The Covid-19 could spread quickly around the globe because of the current structure of the global economy, which is highly interconnected through sophisticated global transport networks. An important characteristic of a suchnetworked complex system is it vulnerability to unattended events of systemic risk such as the Covid-19 pandemic for example. These systemic risks cause substantial cascading effects, which lead to extreme outcomes that could permanently alter economic, environmental, and social systems.In this article, we first, present, discuss and analyze the potential impacts of the Covid-19 on global economy, trade and supply chains, by focusing on Europe and/or the Netherlands. Second, we examine the effects of the Covid-19 crisis on the shipping industry and on the hub ports and the policy measures that have been applied by different countries around the world.
This chapter discusses supply chain management responses used by companies in the food supply chain during the recent COVID-19 pandemic. The chapter first discusses the relevant literature on supply chain resilience. The chapter subsequently reviews supply chain responses in relation to different supply chain resilience capabilities, and then discusses the theory and practice of supply chain capabilities in food supply chains.
MULTIFILE
Supply chains have inherent risk given the number of actors that interface. While there are some chains that have low frequencies of unfavorable events, many continuously face uncertainty. Food production has many uncertainties along the global supply chain. The global nature of the large logistical networks increases its complexity. Two main sources of uncertainty arise: External and internal to the SC. External factors mainly come from nature (such as "El Niño" phenomenon) and from human activities (such as food and nutrition policy and standards). Internal factors mainly come from operations such as a cold chain disruption. Thus, one needs to minimize risk and improve resilience in order to achieve food security and sustainability. It is then imperative that risk management practices be integrated into the supply chain design and management process. This chapter presents an overview of the main risks involved in global food supply chains, as well as some techniques for risk management.
The Netherlands must build one million homes and retrofit eight million buildings by 2030, while halving CO₂ emissions and achieving a circular economy by 2050. This demands a shift from high-carbon materials like concrete—responsible for 8% of global CO₂ emissions—and imported timber, which inflates supply-chain emissions. Mycelium offers a regenerative, biodegradable alternative with carbon-sequestration potential and minimal energy input. Though typically used for insulation, it shows structural promise—achieving compressive strengths of 5.7 MPa and thermal conductivities of 0.03–0.05 W/(m·K). Hemp and other lignocellulosic agricultural byproducts are commonly used as substrates for mycelium composites due to their fibrous structure and availability. However, hemp (for e.g.) requires 300–500 mm of water per cycle and centralized processing, limiting its circularity in urban or resource-scarce areas. Aligned with the CLICKNL Design Power Agenda, this project explores material-driven design innovation through a load-bearing mycelium-based architectural product system, advancing circular, locally embedded construction. To reduce environmental impact, we will develop composites using regional bio-waste—viz. alienated vegetation, food waste, agriculture and port byproducts—eliminating the need for water-intensive hemp cultivation. Edible fungi like Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom) will enable dual-function systems that yield food and building material. Design is key for moving beyond a singular block to a full product system: a cluster of modular units emphasizing geometry, interconnectivity, and compatibility with other building layers. Aesthetic variation (dimension, color, texture) supports adaptable, expressive architecture. We will further assess lifecycle performance, end-of-(service)-life scenarios, and on-site fabrication potential. A 1:1 prototype at The Green Village will serve as a demonstrator, accelerating stakeholder engagement and upscaling. By contributing to the KIA mission on Social Desirability, we aim to shift paradigms—reimagining how we build, live, grow, and connect through circular architecture.
Globalization has opened new markets to Small and Medium Enterprise (SMEs) and given them access to better suppliers. However, the resulting lengthening of supply chains has increased their vulnerability to disruptions. SMEs now recognize the importance of reliable and resilient supply chains to meet customer requirements and gain competitive advantage. Data analytics play a crucial role in developing the insights needed to identify and deal with disruptions. At the company level, this entails the development of data analytic capability, a complex socio-technical process consisting of people, technology, and processes. At the supply chain level, the complexity is compounded by the fact that multiple actors are involved, each with their own resources and capabilities. Each company’s data analytic capability, in combination with how they work together to share information and thus create visibility in the supply chain will affect the reliability and resilience of the supply chain. The proposed study therefore examines how SMEs can leverage data analytics in a way that fits with their available resources and capabilities to improve the reliability and resilience of their supply chain. The consortium for this project consists of Breda University of Applied Sciences (BUas), Logistics Community Brabant (LCB), Transport en Logistiek Nederland (TLN), Logistiek Digitaal, Kennis Transport, Smink and Devoteam. Together, the partners will develop a tool to benchmark SMEs’ progress towards developing data analytic capability that enhances the reliability of their supply chain. Interviews will be conducted with various actors of the supply chain to identify the enablers and inhibitors of using data analytics across the supply chain. Finally, the findings will be used to conduct action research with the two SMEs partners, Kennis and Smink to identify which technological tools and processes companies need to adopt to develop the use of data analytics to enhance their resilience in case of disruptions.
Globalization has opened new markets to Small and Medium Enterprise (SMEs) and given them access to better suppliers. However, the resulting lengthening of supply chains has increased their vulnerability to disruptions. SMEs now recognize the importance of reliable and resilient supply chains to meet customer requirements and gain competitive advantage. Data analytics play a crucial role in developing the insights needed to identify and deal with disruptions. At the company level, this entails the development of data analytic capability, a complex socio-technical process consisting of people, technology, and processes.At the supply chain level, the complexity is compounded by the fact that multiple actors are involved, each with their own resources and capabilities. Each company’s data analytic capability, in combination with how they work together to share information and thus create visibility in the supply chain will affect the reliability and resilience of the supply chain. The proposed study therefore examines how SMEs can leverage data analytics in a way that fits with their available resources and capabilities to improve the reliability and resilience of their supply chain.Collaborative partners:Logistics Community Brabant, Transport & Logistiek Nederlands (TLN), SMINK, Kennis Transport, Logistiek Digitaal, Devoteam.
