Product service systems (PSS) are an example of a novel business model billed as having the potential to significantly reduce the environmental burdens of production and consumption processes. However, despite widespread interest in PSS, consensus regarding their actual environmental impacts, particularly with regard to salient issues such as global warming, is lacking. Hence this paper explores existing research to investigate the state of the art regarding the climatic impacts of PSS, alongside the set of factors that influence climatic impacts. The paper comprises a systematic review of peer-reviewed academic literature, quantifying the extent to which different types of PSS have the capacity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions across multiple product categories. Our study shows that significant reductions in climatic emissions are possible, but PSS are in many cases associated with more modest reductions and, in some cases, increased emissions. Further, we observe no clear differences in climatic impacts according to the type of PSS model that is deployed. Rather, differences in climatic impact are influenced by factors such as production and design alongside use-phase impacts and contextual factors such as transportation and the energy mix. The study argues that further research is needed to establish a more robust baseline upon which to draw conclusions regarding the sources of climatic impacts, and outlines fruitful ways for companies to tackle the complexities of climatic emissions that are beyond their control.
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The circular economy (CE) is heralded as reducing material use and emissions while providing more jobs and growth. We explored this narrative in a series of expert workshops, basing ourselves on theories, methods and findings from science fields such as global environmental input-output analysis, business modelling, industrial organisation, innovation sciences and transition studies. Our findings indicate that this dominant narrative suffers from at least three inconvenient truths. First, CE can lead to loss of GDP. Each doubling of product lifetimes will halve the related industrial production, while the required design changes may cost little. Second, the same mechanism can create losses of production jobs. This may not be compensated by extra maintenance, repair or refurbishing activities. Finally, ‘Product-as-a-Service’ business models supported by platform technologies are crucial for a CE transition. But by transforming consumers from owners to users, they lose independence and do not share in any value enhancement of assets (e.g., houses). As shown by Uber and AirBNB, platforms tend to concentrate power and value with providers, dramatically affecting the distribution of wealth. The real win-win potential of circularity is that the same societal welfare may be achieved with less production and fewer working hours, resulting in more leisure time. But it is perfectly possible that powerful platform providers capture most added value and channel that to their elite owners, at the expense of the purchasing power of ordinary people working fewer hours. Similar undesirable distributional effects may occur at the global scale: the service economies in the Global North may benefit from the additional repair and refurbishment activities, while economies in the Global South that are more oriented towards primary production will see these activities shrink. It is essential that CE research comes to grips with such effects. Furthermore, governance approaches mitigating unfair distribution of power and value are hence essential for a successful circularity transition.
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Comparisons of visual perception, response-selection, and response-execution performance were made between Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and a matched nondiabetic control group. 10 well-controlled male patients with Type 2 diabetes without diabetic complications (M age 58 yr.) and an age and IQ-matched non-diabetic control group consisting of 13 male healthy volunteers (M age 57 yr.) were included. Significant differences were found only between the two groups on response-selection performance, which concerns the selection and preparation of an appropriate motor action.
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The purpose of this literature study is to obtain information about educational approaches to teaching 11 to 12 years old children focusing on how to distinguish between real news and fake news. With this purpose we studied 16 academic papers about learning activities to make primary school children media-literate and able to recognise fake news. What we found is that having children create their own news messages seems to be the most effective approach. News messages that they create can be text messages as well as videos, audios, pictures and animations. Based on this conclusion, students from The Hague University of Applied Sciences Teacher Training Institute (PABO) have been asked to develop a set of learning materials that can be used for instruction in primary schools. The effectiveness of those materials is currently being tested at an elementary school in Rijswijk. The results of the literature and the field study will be shared in the Dutch centre of expertise for media literacy education, Mediawijzer.net.
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In dit artikel wordt ingegaan op een krachtige leeromgeving voor gezondheidsprofessionals in opleiding van de Faculteit voor Gezondheid, Voeding & Sport van De Haagse Hogeschool. Op basis van literatuur wordt beschreven aan welke criteria een dergelijke leeromgeving moet voldoen. Vervolgens worden resultaten beschreven van een onderzoek onder studenten en docenten van de Faculteit voor Gezondheid, Voeding & Sport van De Haagse Hogeschool. Doel van dit onderzoek was om in kaart te brengen hoe studenten en docenten praktijkgericht, zelfgestuurd en interdisciplinair leren ervaren, wat deze manier van leren precies van student en docent vraagt en wat dit oplevert met betrekking tot competentie- ontwikkeling van studenten. De volgende vragen stonden centraal: • Hoe ervaren studenten en docenten dergelijke leeractiviteiten? • Wat vraagt een krachtige leeromgeving van de student en docent? • Wat levert de krachtige leeromgeving volgens hen op?
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In het boek Schools that learn (2012, p. 76) van Peter Senge staat een mooi citaat: ‘A boy of five, on the first day of kindergarten, asked his teacher, ‘When am I going to learn how to read? She said, a bit absently (for there was a lot going on), ‘Oh, that won’t happen until next year, in first grade.’ He didn’t say anything, but an hour or so later, she noticed that he had slipped away when no one was looking. He walked out of the room and continued home (which fortunately was only a few blocks away). He went up to his startled mother and said, ‘ I’ll go back next year…when they’re ready to teach me to read.’ Deze vijfjarige leerling heeft duidelijk niet de leeromgeving waar hij behoefte aan heeft. Hij wil graag leren lezen maar ‘de school is daar nog niet klaar voor’. Het aansluiten bij de leerbehoeften van de lerende is binnen alle onderwijstypes en op alle onderwijsniveaus van belang. Een leeromgeving zou altijd een krachtige leeromgeving moeten zijn. Zelfsturing is één van de kenmerken daarvan. In dit artikel wordt ingegaan op een krachtige leeromgeving voor gezondheidsprofessionals in opleiding van de Faculteit voor Gezondheid, Voeding & Sport van De Haagse Hogeschool. Op basis van literatuur wordt beschreven aan welke criteria een dergelijke leeromgeving moet voldoen. Vervolgens worden resultaten beschreven van een onderzoek onder studenten en docenten van de Faculteit voor Gezondheid, Voeding & Sport van De Haagse Hogeschool. Doel van dit onderzoek was om in kaart te brengen hoe studenten en docenten praktijkgericht, zelfgestuurd en interdisciplinair leren ervaren, wat deze manier van leren precies van student en docent vraagt en wat dit oplevert met betrekking tot competentie-ontwikkeling van studenten. De volgende vragen stonden centraal: • Hoe ervaren studenten en docenten dergelijke leeractiviteiten? • Wat vraagt een krachtige leeromgeving van de student en docent? • Wat levert de krachtige leeromgeving volgens hen op?
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Gepersonaliseerd leren is een manier van leren waarbij de student invloed heeft op wat hij of zij wil leren, op welke manier en in welke volgorde. In dit boekhoofdstuk wordt ingegaan op wat gepersonaliseerd leren binnen het Hoger Beroepsonderwijs betekent. Met behulp van een werkmodel wordt dit onderzoek verkend en de resultaten van een kwalitatief onderzoek worden beschreven. Docenten en studenten participeerden in groepsinterviews, waarin zij zijn gevraagd naar hun beelden over gepersonaliseerd leren en naar welke voorwaarden zij zien voor deze manier van leren. Met dit hoofdstuk wordt een bijdrage geleverd aan het in kaart brengen van voorwaarden voor het invoeren van gepersonaliseerd leren.
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Voorbeelden en onderwijs lijken onlosmakelijk met elkaar verbonden. Het gebruik van voorbeelden is vaak zo vanzelfsprekend, dat zelfs in didactische opleidingen niet altijd aandacht wordt besteed aan de voorwaarden voor een optimal gebruik ervan. Voorbeelden blijken echter niet automatisch tot meer kennis en beter begrip te leiden. Leren van en door voorbeelden vereist bewuste aandacht en doet een beroep op analoog redeneren. Er is veel onderzoek gedaan naar de centrale rol van analoog redeneren in leren. De hieruit voortgekomen kennis en inzichten lijken echter nog niet algemeen bekend bij docenten noch breed geïmplementeerd in het onderwijs, zo komt ook naar voren uit een verkennend onderzoek aan De Haagse Hogeschool. Dit artikel vormt een eerste aanzet om kennis en inzichten in analoog redeneren en in het effectief gebruik van voorbeelden bredere bekendheid te geven. De aanbevelingen in het artikel zijn bedoeld om docenten te inspireren en uit te dagen. Abstract. The use of examples for teaching purposes would seem an obvious choice for teachers. This might be the reason why even courses intended to instruct teachers in their future profession sometimes skip over ways to make effective use of examples. However, research has shown that the use of examples does not automatically enhance a learner’s knowledge and understanding. Learning from examples requires conscious effort and attention and calls for analogical reasoning. Although the key role played by analogical reasoning in learning has been widely investigated, an exploratory study conducted among lecturers at The Hague University of Applied Sciences showed that not that many of them were familiar with the findings of these studies nor were these findings featured in their teaching. This article is an attempt to promote the acquisition of scientific knowledge and insights into analogical reasoning and the effective use of examples. The recommendations provided here are meant to inspire and challenge teachers.
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Business innovation is a multidisciplinary area of expertise that bridges the gap between traditional areas of study such as business administration, organizational studies, marketing, design, engineering and entrepreneurship. Business innovation focuses on creating, accelerating and managing new and sustainable business models through innovation (Crossan and Apaydin, 2010; Keeley, Walters, Pikkel, and Quinn, 2013).
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This article investigates the phenomenon of rebound effects in relation to a transition to a Circular Economy (CE) through qualitative inquiry. The aim is to gain insights in manifestations of rebound effects by studying the Dutch textile industry as it transitions to a circular system, and to develop appropriate mitigation strategies that can be applied to ensure an effective transition. The rebound effect, known originally from the energy efficiency literature, occurs when improvements in efficiency or other technological innovations fail to deliver on their environmental promise due to (behavioral) economic mechanisms. The presence of rebound in CE contexts can therefore lead to the structural overstatement of environmental benefits of certain innovations, which can influence reaching emission targets and the preference order of recycling. In this research, the CE rebound effect is investigated in the Dutch textile industry, which is identified as being vulnerable to rebound, yet with a positive potential to avoid it. The main findings include the very low awareness of this effect amongst key stakeholders, and the identification of specific and general instances of rebound effects in the investigated industry. In addition, the relation of these effects to Circular Business Models and CE strategies are investigated, and placed in a larger context in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding about the place and role of this effect in the transition. This concerns the necessity for a new approach to how design has been practiced traditionally, and the need to place transitional developments in a systems perspective. Propositions that serve as theory-building blocks are put forward and include suggestions for further research and recommendations about dealing with rebound effects and shaping an eco-effective transition. Thomas Siderius, Kim Poldner, Reconsidering the Circular Economy Rebound effect: Propositions from a case study of the Dutch Circular Textile Valley, Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 293, 2021, 125996, ISSN 0959-6526, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.125996.
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