This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects of skeletal muscle training on functional performance in people with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 3 and to identify any adverse effects
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INTRODUCTION: In patients with cancer, low muscle mass has been associated with a higher risk of fatigue, poorer treatment outcomes, and mortality. To determine body composition with computed tomography (CT), measuring the muscle quantity at the level of lumbar 3 (L3) is suggested. However, in patients with cancer, CT imaging of the L3 level is not always available. Thus far, little is known about the extent to which other vertebra levels could be useful for measuring muscle status. In this study, we aimed to assess the correlation of the muscle quantity and quality between any vertebra level and L3 level in patients with various tumor localizations.METHODS: Two hundred-twenty Positron Emission Tomography (PET)-CT images of patients with four different tumor localizations were included: 1. head and neck ( n = 34), 2. esophagus ( n = 45), 3. lung ( n = 54), and 4. melanoma ( n = 87). From the whole body scan, 24 slices were used, i.e., one for each vertebra level. Two examiners contoured the muscles independently. After contouring, muscle quantity was estimated by calculating skeletal muscle area (SMA) and skeletal muscle index (SMI). Muscle quality was assessed by calculating muscle radiation attenuation (MRA). Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine whether the other vertebra levels correlate with L3 level. RESULTS: For SMA, strong correlations were found between C1-C3 and L3, and C7-L5 and L3 ( r = 0.72-0.95). For SMI, strong correlations were found between the levels C1-C2, C7-T5, T7-L5, and L3 ( r = 0.70-0.93), respectively. For MRA, strong correlations were found between T1-L5 and L3 ( r = 0.71-0.95). DISCUSSION: For muscle quantity, the correlations between the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar levels are good, except for the cervical levels in patients with esophageal cancer. For muscle quality, the correlations between the other levels and L3 are good, except for the cervical levels in patients with melanoma. If visualization of L3 on the CT scan is absent, the other thoracic and lumbar vertebra levels could serve as a proxy to measure muscle quantity and quality in patients with head and neck, esophageal, lung cancer, and melanoma, whereas the cervical levels may be less reliable as a proxy in some patient groups.
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A social media architect is an appealing new profession that entails crossovers between communication and IT & Design. There are no study programmes for this job. Important questions are how to interest secondary school pupils for such a new job, and how to prepare them for these jobs or jobs that do not even exist today? This research aims to set an example by presenting a realistic job profile of a social media architect by linking the ‘21st century skills’ to the context in which he/she operates.
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Background: Infantile hereditary proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 1 is characterized by onset in the first 6 months of life and severe and progressive muscle weakness. Dysphagia is a common complication but has not been studied in detail. Objective: To study feeding and swallowing problems in infants with SMA type 1, and to explore the relation between these problems and functional motor scores. Methods: We prospectively included 16 infants with SMA type 1 between September 2016 and October 2018. Eleven infants received palliative care and five infants best supportive care in combination with nusinersen. We compiled and used an observation list with feeding related issues and observed feeding sessions during inpatient and outpatient visits. The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP INTEND) was used as a measure of motor function. Results: All infants in the palliative care group (median onset of disease 14 days (range 1–56); median inclusion in the study 52 days (range 16–252) demonstrated symptoms of fatigue during feeding and unsafe swallowing. Symptoms were short nursing sessions (10–15 minutes), and not being able to finish the recommended feeding volumes (72%); increased frequency of feeding sessions (55%); coughing when drinking or eating (91%), and wet breathing during and after feeding (64%).Two out of five infants in the nusinersen group (median onset of disease 38 days (range 21–90); inclusion in the study at 63 days (range 3–218) were clinically pre-symptomatic at the start of treatment. The other three infants showed symptoms of fatigue and unsafe swallowing at inclusion in the study. These symptoms initially decreased after the start of the treatment, but (re)appeared in all five infants between the ages of 8 to 12 months, requiring the start tube of feeding. In the same period motor function scores significantly improved (median increase CHOP INTEND 16 points). Conclusion: Impaired feeding and swallowing remain important complications in infants with SMA type 1 after the start of nusinersen. Improvement of motor function does not imply similar gains in bulbar function.
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Aquaponics is a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) which combines the cultivation of fish with the growing of plants. Similar to vertical farming, aquaponics is one of the new forms of space and resource efficient methods of food production. The mechanical and electronic technology essential to a sustainable management of the living system(s) is still at an early stage of development. Systemic imbalance frequently occurs in current practice and leads to costly and time consuming problems that threaten the commercial viability of aquaponics at all scales of application. The smart marine aquaponics (SMA) project endeavoured to explore opportunities in two key areas of RAS development. Firstly by focusing upon what could be the most resource efficient type of RAS, namely one using marine conditions and life forms. Secondly by addressing what is commonly accepted as one of the greatest obstacles to prolonged system stability and efficiency, the process known as fecal waste mineralization. The transformation of fecal waste excreted by aquatic fauna into the nutrients for aquatic plants can be assisted or hampered by water conditions and in turn, accumulating in its untransformed state, can reduce the ability of the water to support flora and fauna. SMA applied sensors to actual and simulated forms of marine based RAS to measure and optimize the effects of mechanical intervention in the process of mineralization.
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Het voeren van de verse kruiden cichorei en smalle weegbree zorgt voor een lagere methaanemissie en melk met een hoger aandeel meervoudig onverzadigde vetzuren. Vooral de 30 procent lagere methaanemissie bij cichorei biedt potentie, zo blijkt uit de eerste resultaten van het project BioDiverseMelk. Interview met Marije Strikwold, associate lector Veiligheid in de voedselketen van Hogeschool van Hall Larenstein Leeuwarden.
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In a rapidly developing labor market, in which some parts of jobs disappear and new parts appear due to technological developments, companies are struggling with defining future-proof job qualifications and describing job profiles that fit the organization’s needs. This is even more applicable to smaller companies with new types of work because they often grow rapidly and cannot hire graduates from existing study programs. In this research project, we undertook in-depth, qualitative research into the five roles of a new profession: social media architect. It has become clear which 21st century skills and motivations are important per role and, above all, how they differ in subcategory and are interpreted by a full-service team in their working methods, in a labor market context, and in the talents of the professional themselves. In a workshop, these “skills” were supplemented through a design-based approach and visualized per team role in flexibly applicable recruitment cards. This research project serves as an example of how to co-create innovative job profiles for the changing labor market. Ellen Sjoer, Petra Biemans. “A design-based (pre)recruitment approach for new professions: defining futureproof job profiles.” Információs Társadalom XX, no. 2 (2020): 84–100. https://dx.doi.org/10.22503/inftars.XX.2020.2.6
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Objective Primary to provide an overview of diagnostic accuracy for clinical tests for common elbow (sport) injuries, secondary accompanied by reproducible instructions to perform these tests. Design A systematic literature review according to the PRISMA statement. Data sources A comprehensive literature search was performed in MEDLINE via PubMed and EMBASE. Eligibility criteria We included studies reporting diagnostic accuracy and a description on the performance for elbow tests, targeting the following conditions: distal biceps rupture, triceps rupture, posteromedial impingement, medial collateral ligament (MCL) insufficiency, posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI), lateral epicondylitis and medial epicondylitis. After identifying the articles, the methodological quality was assessed using the QUADAS-2 checklist. Results Our primary literature search yielded 1144 hits. After assessment 10 articles were included: six for distal biceps rupture, one for MCL insufficiency, two for PLRI and one for lateral epicondylitis. No articles were selected for triceps rupture, posteromedial impingement and medial epicondylitis. Quality assessment showed high or unclear risk of bias in nine studies. We described 24 test procedures of which 14 tests contained data on diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions Numerous clinical tests for the elbow were described in literature, seldom accompanied with data on diagnostic accuracy. None of the described tests can provide adequate certainty to rule in or rule out a disease based on sufficient diagnostic accuracy.
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Artikel over DNA en verjaring.
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