Longitudinal criminological studies greatly improved our understanding of the longitudinal patterns of criminality. These studies, however, focused almost exclusively on traditional types of offending and it is therefore unclear whether results are generalizable to online types of offending. This study attempted to identify the developmental trajectories of active hackers who perform web defacements. The data for this study consisted of 2,745,311 attacks performed by 66,553 hackers and reported to Zone-H between January 2010 and March 2017. Semi-parametric group-based trajectory models were used to distinguish six different groups of hackers based on the timing and frequency of their defacements. The results demonstrated some common relationships to traditional types of crime, as a small population of defacers accounted for the majority of defacements against websites. Additionally, the methods and targeting practices of defacers differed based on the frequency with which they performed defacements generally.
Topartikelen 2015. Dit is de vijfde bundel in de reeks Topartikelen met de winnende artikelen van de jaarlijkse artikelwedstrijd. De eerste en tweede prijs gaan dit jaar naar artikelen van studenten van de opleiding MWD. Eline Bröker: Samen kom je er wel. Eline schrijft over het Skejby halfway house; een initiatief uit Denemarken. In dit huis wonen exdelinquenten en studenten onder één dak. Het is uniek in zijn soort en met opmerkelijke resultaten: het recidive percentage ligt ruim 20% lager dan bij halfway huizen waar alleen delinquenten wonen. Marlieke Moors: Rouw mag er zijn. Marlieke gaat in haar artikel in op verouderde rouwmodellen en schetst de laatste ont - wikkelingen op dit gebied. De verouderde modellen gaan ervan uit dat rouw volgens bepaalde criteria verloopt en dat verlies uiteindelijk ‘verwerkt’ wordt. Deze modellen hebben een universeel en normatief karakter gekregen. Marlieke toont aan, met behulp van het nieuwe integratieve rouwmodel, dat het niet om verwerken van verlies gaat, maar juist om het integreren van verlies in iemands leven.
Recent studies on urban policy responses to increasing tourism have moved beyond the physical impact of tourism to also include the way tourism is framed by social movements. This paper contributes to this line of research with a focus on frame resonance: the extent to which frames strike a responsive chord with the public in general and policymakers in particular. We introduce a specific form of frame amplification through cultural resonance; the appeal to pre-existing societal beliefs. Using an analysis of policy documents, print, online and social media, we demonstrate that frames around tourist shops in Amsterdam appealed to pre-existing beliefs that portray the inner city as: a delicate mix of functions, an infrastructure for criminal activities, and a business card reflecting the city’s quality of place. These beliefs amplified frame resonance to such an extent that they convinced an initially reluctant local government to ban tourist shops from the inner city, a policy that undermines the accessibility and inclusivity of urban spaces that the local government aims to promote (SDG 11). This suggests that the contingencies in the local context that enable or foreclose the cultural resonance of frames are essential in understanding policy responses to touristification.
