from the article: Abstract Based on a review of recent literature, this paper addresses the question of how urban planners can steer urban environmental quality, given the fact that it is multidimensional in character, is assessed largely in subjective terms and varies across time. The paper explores three questions that are at the core of planning and designing cities: ‘quality of what?’, ‘quality for whom?’ and ‘quality at what time?’ and illustrates the dilemmas that urban planners face in answering these questions. The three questions provide a novel framework that offers urban planners perspectives for action in finding their way out of the dilemmas identified. Rather than further detailing the exact nature of urban quality, these perspectives call for an approach to urban planning that is integrated, participative and adaptive. ; ; sustainable urban development; trade-offs; quality dimensions
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The benefits of having a high indoor environmental quality (IEQ) for a healthy life and optimal performance are well known. In addition, research has been executed on the effects of indoor environmental parameters such as (day)light, sound/ acoustics, temperature, and air quality on people living with dementia.
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Backgroundand aim – In this study, it is pre-supposed that the indoor environmental conditions of classrooms can contribute to the quality of the educational process. Thermal, acoustic and visual conditions and indoor air quality (IAQ) may be extremely supportive in order to support the in-class tasks of teachers and students. This study explores the influence of these conditions on the perceived comfort and quality of learning of students in higher education.Methodology– In a case study design, the actual IEQ of 34 classrooms which are spread over four school buildings in North Netherlands and 276 related student perceptions were collected. The measurements consisted of in situ physical measurements. At the same moment the perceived indoor environmental quality(PIEQ) and the perceived quality of learning (PQL) of students were measured with a questionnaire.Results – Observedare high carbon dioxide concentrations and high background noise levels. Arelation was observed between perceived acoustic and visual conditions, IAQ,and the PQL indicating that a poor IEQ affects the PQL. A linear regressionanalyses showed that in this study the perceived impact on the quality oflearning was mainly caused by perceived acoustic comfort.Originality– With the applied innovative measuring instrument it is possible to measure both the actual IEQ as well as the PIEQ and PQL. This method can alsobe used to assess a reference and intervention condition.Practical or social implications – The applied measuring instrument provides schoolmanagement with information about the effectiveness of improved IEQ and students’ satisfaction, which can be the basis for further improvement.Type ofpaper – Research paper.
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Due to the existing pressure for a more rational use of the water, many public managers and industries have to re-think/adapt their processes towards a more circular approach. Such pressure is even more critical in the Rio Doce region, Minas Gerais, due to the large environmental accident occurred in 2015. Cenibra (pulp mill) is an example of such industries due to the fact that it is situated in the river basin and that it has a water demanding process. The current proposal is meant as an academic and engineering study to propose possible solutions to decrease the total water consumption of the mill and, thus, decrease the total stress on the Rio Doce basin. The work will be divided in three working packages, namely: (i) evaluation (modelling) of the mill process and water balance (ii) application and operation of a pilot scale wastewater treatment plant (iii) analysis of the impacts caused by the improvement of the process. The second work package will also be conducted (in parallel) with a lab scale setup in The Netherlands to allow fast adjustments and broaden evaluation of the setup/process performance. The actions will focus on reducing the mill total water consumption in 20%.
Phosphorus is an essential element for life, whether in the agricultural sector or in the chemical industry to make products such as flame retardants and batteries. Almost all the phosphorus we use are mined from phosphate rocks. Since Europe scarcely has any mine, we therefore depend on imported phosphate, which poses a risk of supply. To that effect, Europe has listed phosphate as one of its main critical raw materials. This creates a need for the search for alternative sources of phosphate such as wastewater, since most of the phosphate we use end up in our wastewater. Additionally, the direct discharge of wastewater with high concentration of phosphorus (typically > 50 ppb phosphorus) creates a range of environmental problems such as eutrophication . In this context, the Dutch start-up company, SusPhos, created a process to produce biobased flame retardants using phosphorus recovered from municipal wastewater. Flame retardants are often used in textiles, furniture, electronics, construction materials, to mention a few. They are important for safety reasons since they can help prevent or spread fires. Currently, almost all the phosphate flame retardants in the market are obtained from phosphate rocks, but SusPhos is changing this paradigm by being the first company to produce phosphate flame retardants from waste. The process developed by SusPhos to upcycle phosphate-rich streams to high-quality flame retardant can be considered to be in the TRL 5. The company seeks to move further to a TRL 7 via building and operating a demo-scale plant in 2021/2022. BioFlame proposes a collaboration between a SME (SusPhos), a ZZP (Willem Schipper Consultancy) and HBO institute group (Water Technology, NHL Stenden) to expand the available expertise and generate the necessary infrastructure to tackle this transition challenge.
In het project CW4.0 onderzoeken MKB’ers uit de houtindustrie en Smart Industry samen met de Hogeschool van Amsterdam (HvA), kennispartners TNO, HMC en Bouwlab R&Do en partners in hospitality hoe zinvolle toepassingen te maken van resthout, met behulp van Industry 4.0-principes. Hoogwaardig hout blijft momenteel ongebruikt, omdat het te arbeids-intensief is grote hoeveelheden ongelijkmatige stukken hout van verschillende grootte en houtsoort te verwerken. Waardevol resthout wordt zo waardeloos afval, tegen de principes van de circulaire economie in. CW4.0 richt zich op de ontwikkeling van geautomatiseerde processen voor houtverwerking gebaseerd op Industry 4.0 technologieën - met behulp van digitale ontwerptools en industriële robots. Uit eerdere projecten van HvA en partners is gebleken dat deze processen het gebruik van resthout levensvatbaar kunnen maken, in het bijzonder voor toepassingen in de hospitality sector, bijvoorbeeld voor receptiebalies, hotelmeubilair en interieurdelen. CW4.0 wordt dan ook uitgevoerd in samenwerking met hospitality-ontwerpers en hotelketels. Het onderzoek concentreert zich op 1) het creëren van een digital twin (=digitale kopie van een beoogd object of proces, om dit te onderzoeken zonder het eerst te hoeven bouwen) van een ‘upcycle houtfabriek’; 2) het realiseren en beproeven van secties van de fabriek; 3) het ontwerpen en prototypen van hospitality toepassingen en 4) het evalueren van de business case van deze toepassingen en de fabriek in het algemeen. Na afloop is er kennis beschikbaar voor houtindustrie om afval te verminderen, voor Smart Industry om hun digitale technologieën toe te passen voor upcycling van materialen, en voor horecapartners om waardevolle toepassingen te creëren van resthout. Het project is een belangrijke stap in de opschaling van industriële robotproductie met circulaire materialen. Het legt een nieuwe, belangrijke verbinding tussen Smart Industry en de circulaire transitie, gericht op het aanpakken van urgente maatschappelijke uitdagingen verband houdend met materiële schaarste en de mondiale milieucrisis.
