The enhancement of GPS technology enables the use of GPS devices not only as navigation and orientation tools, but also as instruments used to capture travelled routes: as sensors that measure activity on a city scale or the regional scale. TU Delft developed a process and database architecture for collecting data on pedestrian movement in three European city centres, Norwich, Rouen and Koblenz, and in another experiment for collecting activity data of 13 families in Almere (The Netherlands) for one week. The question posed in this paper is: what is the value of GPS as ‘sensor technology’ measuring activities of people? The conclusion is that GPS offers a widely useable instrument to collect invaluable spatial-temporal data on different scales and in different settings adding new layers of knowledge to urban studies, but the use of GPS-technology and deployment of GPS-devices still offers significant challenges for future research.
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Active transport to school is associated with higher levels of physical activity in children. Promotion of active transport has therefore gained attention as a potential target to increase children’s physical activity levels. Recent studies have recognized that the distance between home and school is an important predictor for active travel among children. These studies did not yet use the promising global positioning system (GPS) methods to objectively assess active transport. This study aims to explore active transport to school in relation to the distance between home and school among a sample of Dutch elementary school children, using GPS. Seventy-nine children, aged 6-11 years, were recruited in six schools that were located in five cities in the Netherlands. All children were asked to wear a GPS receiver for one week. All measurements were conducted between December 2008 and April 2009. Based on GPS recordings, the distance of the trips between home and school were calculated. In addition, the mode of transport (i.e., walking, cycling, motorized transport) was determined using the average and maximum speed of the GPS tracks. Then, proportion of walking and cycling trips to school was determined in relation to the distance between home and school. Out of all school trips that were recorded (n = 812), 79.2% were classified as active transport. On average, active commuting trips were of a distance of 422 meters with an average speed of 5.2 km/hour. The proportion of walking trips declined significantly at increased school trip distance, whereas the proportion of cycling trips (β = 1.23, p < 0.01) and motorized transport (β = 3.61, p < 0.01) increased. Almost all GPS tracks less than 300 meters were actively commuted, while of the tracks above 900 meters, more than half was passively commuted. In the current research setting, active transport between home and school was the most frequently used mode of travel. Increasing distance seems to be associated with higher levels of passive transport. These results are relevant for those involved in decisions on where to site schools and residences, as it may affect healthy behavior among children. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-227 LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/sanned/
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Background: Generally, a significant portion of healthcare spending consists of out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses. Patients indicate that, in practice, there are often some OOP expenses, incurred when they receive medical care, which are unexpected for them and should have been taken into account when deciding on a course of action. Patients are often reliant on their GP and may, therefore, expect their GP to provide them with information about the costs of treatment options, taking into consideration their individual insurance plan. This also applies to the Netherlands, where OOP expenses increased rapidly over the years. In the current study, we observed the degree to which matters around patients' insurance and OOP expenses are discussed in the Netherlands, using video recordings of consultations between patients and GPs. Methods: Video recordings were collected from patient-GP consultations in 2015-2016. In 2015, 20 GPs and 392 patients from the eastern part of the Netherlands participated. In 2016, another eight GPs and 102 patients participated, spread throughout the Netherlands. The consultations were coded by three observers using an observation protocol. We achieved an almost perfect inter-rater agreement (Kappa = .82). Results: In total, 475 consultations were analysed. In 9.5% of all the consultations, issues concerning patients' health insurance and OOP expenses were discussed. The reimbursement of the cost of medication was discussed most often and patients' current insurance and co-payments least often. In some consultations, the GP brought up the subject, while in others, the patient initiated the discussion. Conclusions: While GPs may often be in the position to provide patients with information about treatment alternatives, few patients discuss the financial effects of their referral or prescription with their GP. This result complies with existing literature. Policy makers, GPs and insurers should think about how GPs and patients can be facilitated when considering the OOP expenses of treatment. There are several factors why this study, analysing video recordings of routine GP consultations in the Netherlands, is particularly relevant: Dutch GPs play a gatekeeper function; OOP expenses have increased relatively swiftly; and patients have both the right to decide on their treatment, and to choose a provider.
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Drones have been verified as the camera of 2024 due to the enormous exponential growth in terms of the relevant technologies and applications such as smart agriculture, transportation, inspection, logistics, surveillance and interaction. Therefore, the commercial solutions to deploy drones in different working places have become a crucial demand for companies. Warehouses are one of the most promising industrial domains to utilize drones to automate different operations such as inventory scanning, goods transportation to the delivery lines, area monitoring on demand and so on. On the other hands, deploying drones (or even mobile robots) in such challenging environment needs to enable accurate state estimation in terms of position and orientation to allow autonomous navigation. This is because GPS signals are not available in warehouses due to the obstruction by the closed-sky areas and the signal deflection by structures. Vision-based positioning systems are the most promising techniques to achieve reliable position estimation in indoor environments. This is because of using low-cost sensors (cameras), the utilization of dense environmental features and the possibilities to operate in indoor/outdoor areas. Therefore, this proposal aims to address a crucial question for industrial applications with our industrial partners to explore limitations and develop solutions towards robust state estimation of drones in challenging environments such as warehouses and greenhouses. The results of this project will be used as the baseline to develop other navigation technologies towards full autonomous deployment of drones such as mapping, localization, docking and maneuvering to safely deploy drones in GPS-denied areas.
Nederland is een belangrijke speler op de wereldwijde rozenmarkt. In 2023 exporteerde het land rozen ter waarde van 939 miljoen dollar, waarmee het de grootste exporteur ter wereld was ( (OECtoday, 2024). Rozenkwekers worden geconfronteerd met aanzienlijke uitdagingen, waaronder de verwoestende impact van ziekten zoals valse meeldauw, die zich onder gunstige omstandigheden snel kunnen verspreiden en ernstige oogstverliezen veroorzaken. Valse meeldauw vormt een ernstige bedreiging voor rozen, aangezien vooral buitenteelt onderhevig is aan weersinvloeden zoals hoge luchtvochtigheid, temperatuurschommelingen en regenval, die de verspreiding van de schimmel aanzienlijk bevorderen. De infectie leidt tot bladverlies, groeivertraging en een significante verslechtering van de bloemkwaliteit, wat resulteert in aanzienlijke economische schade voor telers. Dit project richt zich op de ontwikkeling van een geavanceerd AI-gebaseerd beeldherkenningssysteem dat specifiek is ontworpen voor het vroegtijdig detecteren van valse meeldauw (Peronospora sparsa) op rozen in de buitenteelt. Traditioneel worden chemische fungiciden ingezet, maar deze aanpak is zowel milieubelastend als inefficiënt op de lange termijn, mede door de ontwikkeling van resistentie bij de schimmel. Ons project beoogt daarom een duurzame, niet-chemische oplossing door middel van gerichte ultraviolet-bestraling (UV-C). De reeds ontwikkelde robot Alpha Ceres, die autonoom door rozenvelden navigeert met behulp van Real-Time-Kinematic (RTK) GPS, zal in de toekomst als draagplatform dienen voor deze technologie. In de eerste fase ligt de focus op de ontwikkeling van een robuust AI-algoritme voor herkenning van geïnfecteerde bladeren en het bepalen van hun positie. Daarnaar volgt het nauwkeurig bepalen van optimale UV-C-instellingen en laboratoriumtesten met geïnfecteerde planten. Er zal een proof-of-concept worden gerealiseerd met een opstelling bestaande uit een lopende band, camera’s en een actuator die de lamp naar de plant toe beweegt, welke beschikbaar is bij het GreenTechLab. Dit vormt de basis voor de overstap naar Alpha Ceres.
De groeiende wereldbevolking zorgt voor noodzaak tot optimaler gebruik van landbouwgrond. De innovatie van de eerste elektrische tractor door Boessenkool B.V. zorgt voor minder rijsporen en daarmee een effectiever landbouw gebruik. Tevens creëert deze elektrificatie de mogelijkheid tot volcontinue automatische landbouw. De in ontwikkeling zijnde landbouw-drone van Drone4Agro B.V. laat geen enkel rijspoor achter en heeft de autonome landbouw tot doel! Saxion, als kennisontwikkelaar van systems engineering en modulaire robotica, en bovengenoemde partners hebben elkaar gevonden tijdens gesprekken over het drone test centrum. Saxion is ook aangesloten bij de SMART Industry agenda Boost van Oost Nederland en mede-oprichter van de netwerkorganisatie LEO Robotics. De centrale kennisvraagstelling luidt: “Is het mogelijk om een koppeling van een autonome drone met een oplaadstation te maken, waarbij de drone een autonome landingsprocedure gebruikt?” Tevens wordt gekeken naar welke kennisvragen opgelost moeten worden om te komen tot (vol‑)automatische landbouwbewerkingen. De autonome besturing en toekomstige volautomatische landbouwbewerkingen openen internationaal de mogelijkheden tot autonome landbouw op grote schaal en voor Saxion tot een duurzame investering in de kenniskring. De technische uitdaging zit hem in de overgang van de GPS gecontroleerde besturing naar de automatische landing/koppelingsprocedure, waarbij een besturingscontrol overdracht moet plaats vinden. Tevens is de technische uitdaging om de besturing zodanig generiek en modulair op te zetten dat het hardware (grond of luchtrobot) onafhankelijk is. De kennis van de besturingen zal gedeeld worden om te komen tot een technische doorontwikkeling van de autonome besturing. Middels de kennisontwikkeling op gebied van autonome besturing en demonstratiemodellen van de luchtrobot en eventueel grondrobot wordt het proof-of-concept aangetoond. Middels stages en afstudeeropdrachten zal geprobeerd worden de kennis te implementeren in de prototypes bij de bedrijven. Middels de bewezen systems engineeringsmethodiek “Het V-model” zullen de functionele klantenwensen t.a.v. de landbouwbewerkingen worden vertaald naar de kennisvragen, mogelijke technische oplossingen en eventuele vervolgprojecten.
